Energy Conservation In Commercial Hostel Engineering Essay

postal code Conservation In mercantile Hostel Engineering EssayElectrical vitality is the most expensive and the most master(prenominal) figure of purchased zippo. The subject of vital force preservation is a concern for most zip applyrs particularly industries, commercial grammatical constructions and re viewntial buildings. Energy Conservation fetchs even more primal for the developing countries, where the rising aptitude hails and the use of businesslike verve apparatus argon of significant concern to the utility. To twenty-four hours, zipper and environment atomic number 18 dickens atomic number 18as that deport sought the greatest attention at the international level. With the issue of global environment, becoming Copernican as never before, Energy particularly its conservation in application and commercial building has engender main target for all the parts of world that has to be achieved as soon as possible. In this paper, the application of the Ener gy conservation techniques by which electrical zilch can be maintaind and make terms efficient for commercial (hostel) building perspective is presented. The selection of a commercial (hostel) building was through with(p) because electrical nil constitutes only a major amount of the everyplaceall naught used. A hit energy conservation guideline is recommended. Electrical energy management approach for tariff control, business leader gene control, beat back schedule control and lighting is outlined. Recorder data of energy aspiration of a building service strategy are used to diagnose the weak touchs of the building energy usage system and then a detailed energy audit study are presented.Key Words Energy audit, Energy Conservation, tariff control, push back scheduling1. INTRODUCTIONElectrical energy is the most common and widely used type of energy in the world. It is the most expensive and most important form of purchased energy. For this actor its use must be conf ined to a minimum for efficient physical exploit. Because of its great flexibility, it offers galore(postnominal) advantages over opposite energy and by doing the motions to conserve energy can result in significant cost sparing. In India, Commercial buildings use large amount of energy that is why, it is important to ensure a outrage free and energy efficient system in buildings. In the developing countries where electrical energy resources are scarce and production of electricity is very costly, energy conservation study are of great importance. India is an important stage of rapid development and it has relatively shortage of energy resources. The gap between the motive contemporaries and required demand is increasing continuously. Reducing the gap in the generation side is very rocky and more expensive process. The cost of electrical energy lead be enlarged due to the generalization of new generating workings because of limited energy resources, scarcity of roof a nd high interest costs. The important counselling to humble the gap between demand and supply is energy conservation.Energy conservation is necessary to reduce the increasing global warming. Individuals and organizations should conserve energy in order to decrease the energy costs and add the economic security.The following two objectives are analyseed when discussing electrical energy conservationEnergy sparing i.e. kWh savingEnergy cost saving i.e. money saving2. LITERTURE REVIEWSFrank kreith, D.Yogi Goswami (2008), have declared that energy is the important factor out for production, along with labour, capital, and materials. Energy conservation denotes doing without, maybe giving up facilities to tho energy. Due to products smorgasbord and the manufacturing process requirement, the efficient utilization of energy varies with specific industrial operations. The organization of personnel and operations, concerned similarly varied. Consequently, each company should modify the effective energy management program for its plant operations.There are some universal guidelines, however, for initiating and implementing an energy management program. Many of the large companies have already used energy management programs and also they have realized substantial savings in fuel and electric costs. hardly in small industries, due to inadequacying of technical persons and equipment to implement the energy management program is difficult. In these environments, reliance on external consultants may be appropriate to initiate the program. But for successful operation internal is very essential. A well planned, organized, and executed energyManagement program requires a slopped commitment by top management 8.Wood.G, Newborough.M (2007), have proposed that the suggestion for motivating energy saving behaviors 9.Dimoudi.A, Kostarela.P (2009), have shown the energy consumption of Institutional buildings, due to their high number in the country, contribute to a spa cious overall amount of energy consumption in public buildings that results in an increase of the expenses paid by the national budget. Thus, investigation of alternative solutions for the reduction of energy consumption in Institutional buildings is advisable and necessary. On the different hand, the pedagogic role of Institutional buildings occupys the proper regulation of the parameters that influence the internal conditions in classes, as lack of thermal comfort and air quality conditions reduce the learning ability of pupils.Thus, an energy proficient strategy in school buildings has a dual purpose energy conservation and heighten indoor(a) conditions in classrooms. Air quality studies performed at institutional buildings revealed that many of them have serious indoor air quality problems, while improvement of indoorConditions are associated with considerable reduction in energy consumption and a global environmental quality. Improvement in thermal insulation decreases energ y consumption, with the end of insulation at the support frame having the highest benefits, resulting a reduction in energy consumption by 13.34%. Increase in the thickness of the wall insulation decreases the heating requirements and thus, reduces energy consumption up to 5.58%, a solution that is recommended fornew and old no insulated buildings 10 .Guozhong Zheng, Y Ouyin Jing, Hongxia Huang, Guohua Shi, Xutao Zhang (2010), have shown that globally one-third of energy consumption is consumed by building sector. In energy conservation assessment, energy conservation star rating is tack and used in the assessment. The objective of building conservation assessment is to establish and limit the maximum energy consumption in buildings and to encourage the utilization of renewable energy and new energytechnologies and products 11.3. ENERGY scrutinize CONSERVATIONAs per the Energy Conservation Act 2001, Energy Audit is defined as The verification, observe and analysis of use of ene rgy including submission of technical report containing recommendations for improving energy efficiency with cost benefit analysis and an action plan to reduce energy consumption .Energy Audit will help us to identifying the areas where energy wastage can occur and where scopes for improvement exist.To test electrical systems and identify conservationopportunities, the following steps must be carried outForm Energy Survey team drop out Preliminary Energy SurveyCarry out Detailed Energy SurveyThe energy survey is the first of all step in collecting all the relevant data and after which the conservation techniques are to be applied. Data must be obtained for each type of energy used. Also the material measurements of the various energy devices such as force backs, lighting system and ceiling fan etc should be include as part of the energy survey. The energy survey team has the task to explore the strength areas of energy conservation based on the findings of the survey. This could involve energy management with rides, lighting system, tariff control and power factor management, the use of energy efficient devices, the possibility of cogeneration and the use of technical awareness and motivation programs for the perseverance personnel.How best to manage our energy consumption?We have four steps to manage best energy consumption in any organisation. These are listed as followsMetering your energy consumption and collecting data conclusion opportunities to save energy, and estimating how much energy each opportunity could saveTacking action to target the opportunities to save energy (i.e. tackling the routine waste and replacing or upgrading the inefficient equipment). Typically youd start with the best firstTracking your progress by analyzing your meter data to see how well your energy saving effort workThe above four step process applies either way, its entirely up to you whether you consider you consider energy saving measures that involves buying new equi pment or upgrading building fabric.In energy audit process we need to collect statistical data and finding the opportunities to save energy. But just finding the opportunities to save energy wont help us to save energy. We have to take action to target them.3. galvanic ENERGY CONSERVATION FOR A HOSTEL BUILDINGBackground In India, there are many institutes which have the hostel facilities. My institute is one of the best institutes in Haryana resign. It has 10 hostels.In this paper energy conservation of one hostel is presented. By similar manner we do energy conservation of other hostel. This hostel was open for student use in 2002.4. ANALYSIS AND METHODLOGYThe objective here is to study and break up the use ofElectrical energy in the hostel building so as toDetermine the energy inputs to the various stages in the process carried out in the industry, thereby arriving at the energy content of the major products, and in particular identifying the process stages for which the larges t amount of energy are needed.Decide where the most significant energy savings are possible, quantifying such savings and the cost of achieving them.Assist the industry administration in makingrecommendations on energy savings and inits policy and plans for energy conservation.A Reduce fixed charges in Electricity Bill.To analyze the utility electricity bill, the tariff structure was studied. The tariff structure in Haryana state consists of the following chargesEnergy (kWh) charges (varies as consumption increases)Fixed charges depend upon maximum demandFuel alteration charges (consumption dependant)B REPLACE INEFFICIENT MOTORS WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT MOTOR AND CHANGE OPERATION SCHEDULEThe honest operating efficiency of the motor was very low and thus need to replace them with the energy efficient motors could improve energy savings significantly.The energy cost savings by replacing an old motor with an energy efficient motor is effrontery by the following formulaS = P*L*C*T (100B 100/A)Where S = Annual savings ($/ socio-economic class)P = kW rating of motor B (old inefficient) =15 kWC = Average Electricity cost ($/kWh)L = hitch factor (avg) =.80T = running cartridge clip (hour year)A = Efficiency of motor A (New EEM)B = Efficiency of motor B (Old inefficient)The efficiency of old motor was 75% and efficiency of new motor is 90%. The motor operate in a day is 7-8 hr. Then total operating period in a year is 2800hr.Total cost saving Using above formula, the total cost saving is R 26133.33Total investiture cost The total price of new Energy Efficient motors of the rating given above was to be found to be R 24000. The payback period and return on investment is 11.02 month.Operating schedule suggestion Motor operate mostly in peak period so operation cost is high. We need to operate in off period it reduce the operation cost.C Change lighting system.The existing lighting scheme at the hostel building was studied conservatively and measurements were taken fo r each light levels and fixture ratings. A new scheme with consideration to maintain or enhance the existing lighting levels and reduce the kW rating was presented. The existing system of incandescent and hydrargyrum lighting was found to be consuming extra energy at the expense of lighting level. It was suggested to increase the light level while at the same cartridge holder reduce the overall energy consumption. actualsystemProposedsystem preservation inkWhIncandescent300 fixtures100 watt each1100hr/yearFlorescent300 fixture20 watt eachhr/yearCalculationsKilowatt savingThis is work out by the formula given by= (No. of fixture) (present input watts/fixture)-(proposed input watt/fixture) =watt/1000=KWKWh savingThis is calculated by the formula given by= (KW saving)*(annual operating hour) =kWh/yearPower factor in ImprovementFindings The bonny power factor of the hostel varies between 0.85 and 0.87 since its commencement, which was well above the requirement of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B. The average out power factor of the industry was 0.86 and the uttermost demand reached has been read as 260 KVA from the Load duration curve. The pack level reached above the sanctioned demand of 260 KVA on certain short period of time was not considered for the power factor improvement project. So, at the average power factor, the weight in KW was found to be 260* 0.86= 223.6 KW.Recommendations We decided to improve the power factor to an average value of 0.98. The best locations for the capacitors were identified asi) at the sub-station itself to compensate the base load andii) at the haemorrhoid supply side as per the KW capacity,So that only when the load is on, the capacitors will be on. Additional capacitors were required to improve the power factor to 0.98.Benefits For a load of 223.6 KW, the KVA demand at 0.98 power factor is (223.6/0.98) =228.16Therefore, saving in KVA is (260 -228.16) =31.83Annual saving in cost due to KVA reduction= $3.75*31.83*12= $1 432.65 Cost on additional capacitors $35 per KVAR is$(30* 50) =$1500 requital period (1500/1432.65)* 12= 12.56 say 13 months.Return on investment 1/13= 7.7% per month.Saving Through lift ShavingAs per the norms of the SEB, the maximum demand charges for any month at the point of supply shall be based on the highest KVA demand recorded during any consecutive thirty proceedings in that month or 100% of the sanctioned demand, whichever is higher. In addition, for exceeding the sanctioned maximum demand, the charges per exceeded KVA shall be at double the normal rate (say penalty).Findings The Maximum involve during the financial years 1995-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998 and 1998-1999 has exceeded the Sanctioned Demand in March and April, due to the early summer peak slews, and the production target initiative at the beginning of the financial year. During the EC project period (1998-1999), the peak demand was found to be 2750 KVA. The industry did not want to apply for increased Sanct ioned demand since for the rest of the period of 10 months, the load was well within the Sanctioned demand. It was noticed that the available diesel roots were used only at the time of power-cut and at grid failure cases.Recommendations The EC team recommended for the use of one 900 KVA Generator at the time of peak loads during 1998-1999 and to transfer the excess loads to the generator supply so as to subjugate the excess KVA penalty charges. If criticalloads also contribute to facility peaks, consider shifting these loads to generator power during peak periods. In case, if emergency backup power is needed, the remaining two diesel Generatorsshall be put in service even during peak periods. NoteFor the present project, the concept of Peak splinter was applied only for the loads exceeding the Sanctioned demand and not for all the loads above the base load.Benefits Considering the peak demand during March-April of the financial year 1998-1999, i.e., 2750 KVA exceeding the Sanct ioned demand by 150 KVA for duration of 3 hours/daySEB Supply Maximum demand charges payable toSEB/month $3.75 (2750 +2 *150) = $11 437.5. Energy consumption charges/month for a load of 2750 KVA at 0.92 power factor $0.0875/kWh is $159 390. Total charges payable/month is $170827.5.Generator Supply for a Load of 150 KVA Maximum Demand charges $3.75* 2600= $9750. Energy consumption charges/month for the energy fed by SEB for a load of 2600 KVA at 0.92 power factor $0.0875 per kWh $150 696. Energy generated by the generator/month 3 hours/day for the peaking load of 150 KVA at 0.92 power factor lagging 150*0.92* 3* 30= 12420 kWh.Considering the capital investment, life time, the load factor, the annual operation and guardianship cost, the labour cost, the depreciation and the diesel fuel cost, the average energy cost for the Diesel generator supply is worked out to be $0.19/ kW-hr.Therefore, energy cost for the generator supply is $0.19*12420= $2359.8 and hence total charges incurre d/month for the peak shaving option is $162 805.8. The EC team suggested the poster that more saving in energy cost could have been obtained through Renewable energy sources compared to theDiesel generator supply due to reduced generation cost.Net saving by peak shaving per month is $8021.7 and $96 260.4 for the whole year if peak shaving is applied for the entire 12 months 3 hours/day.D Explore cogeneration feasibilityFor the cocking purpose in hostel, we require fuel such as scorch or LPG (liquid petroleum gas). If we use coal, it is more carbon intensive than oil or natural gas. It pay off large amount of carbon dioxide. So, we uses natural gas i.e. LPG but it is more costly than coal. So, this problem we need to setup a goober gas plant in hostel. The input to the goober gas plant is human waste. The gas produce by the plant is used for cocking purpose. It reduces the fuel cost and carbon dioxide emission.1) stirring tank2) Mixture of dunk and water3) Brick walls4) Metal co ver5) Valve6) Used sludge7) Pipe to kitchen8) scuttlebutt pipe9) Brick wall10) Ground levelCONCLUSIONSThe analysis and calculation of electrical energyconservation of the ice sheet industry for a developing country were carried out, even though the amount of the electrical energy used was low (1.77%) compared to the gas energy ( 98.23%) provided to the said industry, remarkable energy cost savings were demonstrate and is accounted for some 49.23% of the total annual industry electricity cost.Adapting and following the electrical energy conservation guidelines are recommended for a developing country water ice industry. These recommendations if applied to any similar industry in other developing countries may also lead to very reasonable cost savings. Having listed all the different remedies which should be taken to have electrical energy conservation, the implementation and the application of these recommendations is very crucial in the glass industry of developing countries to reach the desired cost savings.Focus should be directed to the demand side management, and the use advanced electronic programmable switching for achieving the desired savings. Gas heat energy is a potential savings even though its cost is less than fossil oils. A developing country which does not possess these raw materials may face higher energy prices in this sector.Therefore, instead, a complete updating, maintenance and the use of energy efficient equipment may reduce energy costs.The limited capital and investment become an obstacle for applying a comprehensive conservation plan in developing countries. Therefore partial solutions if followed may give pronounce energy cost savings. Generally, in a developing country, capital, raw material and the lack of advancedTechnology equipment is of a direct relationship to energy cost savings.