Nostradamus :: essays research papers

Nostradamus     Michel De Nostradame, new(prenominal)wise know as Nostradamus was born December14, 1503. His family was of Jewish ancestry. His grand laminitis, capital of South Dakota deNostradame, had settled in Provence because by the mid-1400s, many Jews hadcome to live there.Nostradamus father was Jacques de Nostradame. Jacques worked as ascholary, since most people didnt know how to write he wrote things for them,from love letters to formal documents. Jacques income provided a good home atthe time. Nostradamus earliest recollection of his home was the following     Typical of in all provenal homes in the sixteenth century was the roomwhere both national and social life was carried on. The core group andsymbol of the rooms activity was the neat fireplace, majestic, caver-     nous, retentiveness a banked fire that never went out since his mother and     father go in. Shining pots and pans of brass hung low from the     mantle shelf. At either rake of the fireplace was an oak settle werehis grandfathers liked to laze and talk when they came to visit. On thewalls hung light cabinet shelves holding salt and spices.     Nostradamus had one definite brother, Csar who wrote Histoire deProvence, a book which sustains the myth of the Nostradamus royal line.Historians think Nostradamus had triple other brothers, Bertrand, Hector, andAntoine, but they are not sure and almost nothing is known about them besidestheir names.     Nostradamus was educated by his grandfathers. First Peyrot, who hadbeen a great traveler, brought Nostradamus up in his home. He taughtNostradamus the basics of mathematics, Greek, Latin, Hebrew, and Astrology.After Peyrot de Nostradamus death Nostradamus locomote back in with his parents,Jacques and Reynire. It is thought that his other grandfather took over his gentility for a while, but the fa mily decided to send Nostradamus to Avignon,which at that period was the center of Renaissance learning. At Avignon,Nostradamus spent many hours at University libraries.Nostradamus biggest occupy was astrology. His interest in astrologybegan to worry his parents, and by the advice of his grandfather he was move tothe University of Montpellier to study medicine. The University of Montpellierwas regarded as second only to that of Paris in all of France.Nostradamus arrived there in 1522 at nineteen years of age. In three years hestudied all the subjects needed for his bachelors degree. He was tutored bysome of the finest doctors in Europe. The process of getting a degree was farthermostmore arduous than in the present day, and lasted much longer. A prosperouscandidate was given his license to practice by the bishop of Montpellier.

Enders Game :: essays research papers

Enders Game A Brief DepictionI.     Setting     Staged in mainly quaternion places. Ender Wiggins minorhood town, where he is monitored as a prospective third. He is send to Battle School, which is a satellite of the earth. Then he ends up on Eros where he attends command school and eventually defeats the buggers. He spends the repose of his geezerhood with Valentine on the get-go human colonization, approximately 50 light-years onward from Earth.     The book takes place in 2190-2200 approx. The advancement of information transportation is significant, in that the ansible is able to transmit information faster than the speed of light, in fact, only instantaneous. The starships and fleets they have been able to advance atomic number 18 full on outfit for space and space tugs argon similar to barges we have on rivers, and they are used to hull large amounts of materials about space. The fear of buggers is installed within the readers first glance at the book, and maintains constant until the very end when we learn that the buggers are in fact peaceful and loving creatures, unable to communicate that. II.      adept     The main character, Andrew (Ender) Wiggin is a young child who endures some of the hardest turmoil any human could undergo. He is very brilliant, cunning, paranoid, determined, and above all loving child who becomes mature and eventually saves the innovation. We see his brilliance from the start and through his days he has become the god-child, and messiah to all who know his name. His paranoia grows steadily throughout the book, due to his lack of trust in any figure he encounters. Any time they show any hint of compassion or any true emotion, ender assumes its all part of the game and plan to afford him the best commander alive. His determination comes at us through many another(prenominal) different wavelengths. He is at first solel y determined to brave against playground bullies. It evolves into winning the battle games and soon after takes a thin and becomes determination to never play the game again. His most admirable sign though, is without fail the sexual love he rarely but deeply shows for Valentine, his sister and partly companion through and through. He often says in the text that he is not a killer and has never meant to hurt anyone, but to win the fight and never fight it again. He realizes his true love for the queen-bugger when he hosts her into eventually multiple buggers to start a new world of them.

Term Paper on Computer Games

give-and- give birth and Dexterity be beneficial gift that God has endowed us. Hence, human race has the great power to tinker with nature. It is factual and concluded. We defy the salientest opportunity to fix things corresponding The Development of Medicine Swift Transportation Rapid communication theory and the Aggrandizement of Technology. One of this is COMPUTER GAMES. estimator Games is unmatchable of the vital issues in our society to be foc utilise on. Why? Be stimulate they say that calculator Games atomic come 18 whiz of the vices that the teenagers atomic number 18 been addicted, attached with.They could spend all day only when to play various online or downloaded spiriteds. Seemingly, it is there cravings for them to be satisfied. Just like there days wouldnt complete if non vie honest even one lame. agree to Surveys, reckoner Games has indeed a great effect on everybody. Be acquire, we tush visualize myriad teenagers seated in front of estimato r set vie, enjoying, and cussing with each other. YES, CUSSING. When been fond of it, teenagers be gradually adapting the nature of a maniac player. Now, they know how to use vulgar lecture to express their feelings, a vol evokeo that would about to erupt. other thing is that, we ass no longer more to see youth who plays basketball, volleyball and the rest of the Sports Games that can really helped a lot in our health and physical attributes. Thats why they in addition added that computing device Games is gradually defeating sports. This is why the Government should take its action to give remedy to this epidemic issue concerns our youth of today. Today, p arnts console worry about the do of raving mad electronic computer poles and of course it to a fault remains a popular topic for the media.However, with a growing depend of s startrren and teens spending excessive clock time con go computer games, perhaps p bents should be more worried about teenagers addicted to computer games than the effects of wild computer Games. An examination of the literature reveals that those who report movie game dependance some generation disagree on the proportion of kidskinren and teenagers addicted to computer games. However, the legal age of studies suggest that approximately 5 to 10% of youth who play computer games become addicted.Comp ard to other psychological difficulties ( much(prenominal) as depression and anxiety), teenage computer game addiction is obviously a relatively new line of work faced by families. As such, parents may lack accurate and/or helpful information on the signs of computer game addiction, the risk factors for image game addiction, and strategies for helping teenagers addicted to computer games after the problem gains. mise en scene The debate on whether data processor Games view social effects and cause fury among the players, curiously pincerren, can be traced back to 1976 when a moving-picture show game entitled Death Race was released on the market.The main exact of the game was to run over screaming gremlins using a railroad car which would then turn into tombstones. The pace of the game was pedestrian and the gremlins resembled human figures. in that respect was a existence outcry over this video game and in conclusion its production ceased. There were other violent calculator Games that were produced later in 1993, such as Night Trap and Mortal Combat, that were followed by public outcry. In the same year, a board was established in the coupled States to look into computing machine Games and rate them according to their content (Siwek, 2007).The board is cognize as the entertainment software rating board (ESRB). The other video game that attracted media attention was Rapelay, produced in 2006 (Siwek, 2007). The video game required players to bumble and stalk a woman and her two girls. Such data processor Games are said to cause behavioural change among babyren. There are se veral(prenominal) incidents that are conjugate to computing device Games, such as the slaughterhouse at Columbine broad(prenominal) School that claimed 13 lives. Laws have been enacted to ban or control the barters agreement of Computer Games.For ex adeninele, on the 27th of June 2007, the Supreme butterfly of the united States overturned the law in California that banned the sale of Computer Games to minors (Siwek, 2007). The court ruled that the law violated the liberty of speech even though the state has an obligation to protect kids from harm. Another aspect that should be noted regarding Computer Games is that boys spend more time acting than girls. Not umteen girls are interested in playacting Computer Games, consequently they are not simulateed as ofttimes as boys of a similar age (Anderson & Bushman, 2001).The Drawbacks of Children Playing Computer Games Most of the negative effects as a result of playing Computer Games among children can be blamed on the v iolent scenes contained in these games. When a child spends an extended amount of time playing such Computer Games, they becomes socially degage. This office that a child does not have passable time to interact with other members of society (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). The child who spends m all hours a day playing Computer Games will have no time to meet and make new friends. They may in turn become more depressed and lonelier in their homes.Children will as well spend little time on other activities such as sports, reading, and doing homework. The child becomes socially inactive since they do not contain regard in social activities. almost Computer Games teach children wrong value (Gunter, 1998). Most of the children who spend much of their time playing Computer Games are in all likelihood to perform myopicly in enlighten. A solid number of Computer Games are addictive. Rather than studying or completing homework, a child spends time playing Computer Games. As a result , poor performance will be seen at schools. Computer Games reduce a childs imaginative reckoning as well.This means that a child who ends up spending most of their time playing Computer Games does not get a chance to think creatively or independently. Imaginative thinking is crucial in produceing a childs creativity. By fostering isolation, Computer Games may also affect a childs health. Since they do not get enough bodily exercise, children who spend the majority of their time playing Computer Games are likely to suffer from video-induced seizures, obesity and skeletal, muscular and postural disorders like tendinitis, wrist bone tunnel syndrome, among others.Computer Games promote children to associate happiness and pleasure with the capability to cause pain to others. They puzzle the feeling that in order to be happy, one has to make other people suffer. Children who play Computer Games tend to develop selfish behavior (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). Computer Games teach the pl ayer to be dependent and since the child is left alone art object playing the game, they can develop selfish behavior. A current study that was done at the Minneapolis-based national institute for media indicated that kids can get addicted to Computer Games and shew social phobias.The interactive quality of Computer Games is quite different from passively mentationing movies or television. The games allow players to be active participants in the paw. The players who are able to benefit from acts of violence are then able to break down to the next level (Sherry, 2001). As a negative result of playing Computer Games, violence in children has shown an improver. Anderson and Dill found that males who were high in aggression and irritability, showed the strongest association between video game play and hard-hitting behavior (Lillian Bensely & Juliet Van Eenwyk, 2001).There are many incidents of violent behavior among children who play violent Computer Games worldwide (Gunter, 1998). One of the high-profile incidents is the Columbine High School massacre that was caused by 17 year-old Dylan Klebold, and 18 year-old Harris Eric. The massacre happened on the 20th of April, 1999, at Columbine High School, located in Jefferson County. 12 pupils and a teacher were killed by two pupils. It was later revealed that the two shooters in the massacre were frequent players of weapon-based combat games.It was also noted that the two shooters used to play Wolfeinstein 3D and Doom, games which are violent. After the incident, many newspaper articles claimed that the anchor cause of that incident was violent Computer Games. Another incident occurred in April, 2000 when Jose Rabadan, a sixteen year-old Spaniard, killed his parents and his sister using a katana sword, claiming that he was blackguard Leonhart, the main character in the video game titled last(a) Fantasy V111, on a mission to avenge. This was a consequence of playing the game too much and fantasizing about what he saw in the video game (Williams, & Marko, 2005).In 1997, there was the case of a xiii year-old Wilson Noah, who was killed by his friend using a kitchen knife. The mother of the deceased claimed that Noah was stabbed because of the regression his friend had with the video game known as Mortal Combat. She say that the child who killed Noah was obsessed with the game, and thought he was one of the characters in the game named Cyrax. In the game, Cyrax is using a finishing move whereby he grabs the rival and stabs him in the chest. It was alleged that this was the move that motivated the killing of that child.There are many other incidents that were caused by the effects of playing Computer Games. A cut across that was compiled by the FBI in the year 2006 showed that the playing of Computer Games among children was one of the behavioral traits linked to school shootings. The report outlined several factors behind school shootings of which playing violent Computer Game s was the most obvious (Anderson & Bushman, 2001). accord to Gentile and Anderson, playing Computer Games increases the hostile behavior of the player, since the acts of violence are continually repeated during the game (Gentile, & Anderson, 2003).Although heightened physiological arousal (e. g. , stock ticker rate, blood pressure, skin conductance) can be beneficial in certain situations, physiological arousal produced by violent media (or by other sources), can be linked to an increase in aggressive behavior, especially when that arousal can be erroneously attributed to another provoking event, rather than to the violent media. repeat of an act has been considered an effective teaching method, reinforcing learners patterns (Barlett, Harris, & Bruey, 2007). The games encourage the players to share play or identify with their favorite character (Gentile & Anderson, 2003). The increase in physical bullying in many schools can also be linked to the popularity of Compu ter Games that contain violent content. A study done in 2008, indicated that about 60% or more of shopping centre school boys ended up striking or beating mortal after playing at least one mature-rated video game. The interrogation also showed that about 39% of boys who never played violent Computer Games were not involved in any form of violence.When playing Computer Games, players are rewarded for simulating violence. This enhances the learning of violent behavior among the children who find pleasure in violent Computer Games. When violence is rewarded while playing Computer Games, players tend to develop aggressive behavior. As noted earlier, Computer Games desensitize players to real-life violence. The depiction to Computer Games causes a reduction in P300 amplitudes that are contained in the brain. The child will later experience aggressive behavior and desensitization to violence (Bartholow, Bushman & Sestir, 2006).After children experience violence while playing Comput er Games, they are likely to develop a fear of becoming victims of violent acts. According to the report compiled by six consumeing national medical associations in 2000, children do not trust their fellow children and hence will develop violent, self-protective measures. The exposure to cruel Computer Games also leads to reduced empathy among the players. From a vision conducted by Jeanne Funk in 2004, Computer Games are the only media linked or associated with low empathy.Empathy is described as the capacity or ability to understand other peoples feelings. The level of empathy plays a renowned role in evaluating a persons morals. Empathy also controls aggressive behavior among individuals, especially children (Bartholow, Bushman & Sestir, 2006). After absentminded empathy as a consequence of violent Computer Games, these children are likely to be violent. Repetition of actions when one is playing a video game affects the subconscious mind, hence a behavioral script is devel oped. A sound example of a behavioral script is that developed by drivers.It urges the driver to first get into a car, fasten their safety belt and then start the car. Similarly, Computer Games induce a child to develop a behavioral script that urges them to respond violently to a certain situation (Gunter, 1998). Playing Computer Games teaches children that violence is an acceptable way of solving their conflicts. Those who play Computer Games, especially games with violent content, do not develop the belief that using non-violence means can solve a problem. They tend to be less compassionate when compared to those children who play non-violent Computer Games (Sherry, 2001).Children tend to confuse real-world violence with video game violence. After fantasizing about the violence in Computer Games, children are likely to fight in schools and in the streets. New Computer Games allow a lot of physical interaction with the players. Some Computer Games build up players on how to be a killer. For example, in 1996, the Marine Corps in the United States authorized the release of Doom 11, which was a violent video game. The game was previously used to train marine soldiers. Such games can train children to be high-profile killers.Most Computer Games have portrayed a negative side towards women. Violence against women is likely to increase in a child who plays rude Computer Games (Gunter, 1998). Counter Arguments In any life situation and with any sort of problem, there are those who disagree with the majority. Likewise, there are researchers who designate various riposte arguments to support the idea that Computer Games can be beneficial for children. The first counter argument against the side effects of Computer Games is the fact that children are not separate as they have online bid communities.Children who are unable to associate with others do not feel isolated since they are left to play Computer Games. For example, a child who is not physically fit to play with others can turn to Computer Games during their relieve time to reduce boredom. It has been noted that violent juvenile crimes have been change magnitude in the recent years, yet the popularity of Computer Games has been increasing. For the period 1995 to 2008, the rate of bind of juvenile murderers decreased by 71. 9%, while the overall learn cases concerning juvenile violence decreased by 49%.In the same period, the sale of cruel Computer Games increased by almost 4 times compared to the years before. From these statistics, one can conclude that there is no occupy correlation between violent juvenile crimes and Computer Games. There has been no scientifically proven link between violent behavior among children and Computer Games. Most of the surveys carried out on Computer Games are affected by design flows. The surveys are done within a short duration of time and do not follow kids for any considerable period of time. After a short observation, conclusions are the n drawn.The other counter argument against Computer Games is that children learn real life-skills when playing Computer Games. Players of brute(a) Computer Games are able to learn how to regulate their emotions when playing (Anderson, Gentile, & Buckley, 2007). The level of control developed while playing Computer Games in terms of directing actions and pace are prudent ways of set the stirred state of children. The perception of being in control of actions minimizes emotional and stressful responses to events. Aggressive and angry feelings can be relieved by playing Computer Games.When a child plays Computer Games, it is one of the beaver ways of relieving aggression and depression. Many children play Computer Games to relieve passion while others play Computer Games to relax their bodies. Children are given firm and safe opportunities to virtually explore the rules and consequences of violent behavior when they play Computer Games (Bartholow, Bushman & Sestir, 2006). A fter playing Computer Games, especially ones that contain violence, children are able to develop ways of escaping violence. The form of violence can be affected by Computer Games, but does not necessarily lead to the occurrence of violence.Through the challenges faced while playing some Computer Games, children are able to learn how to avoid violence, or how to escape from violence. Those who hold the view that Computer Games do not have negative effects on children indicate that Computer Games do not lead a child to violence, but instead, violent children are the ones who are interested in Computer Games (Anderson, Gentile & Buckley, 2007). Conclusion The argument about whether Computer Games have negative or appointed effects on children is broad, and depends on ones philosophical views.Most of the research projects that have been conducted on the unquestionable effects of media brutality on behavior of children have included small, frequently unrepresentative samples and un ique examples of media violence (Dietz, 1998). This paper has compiled some of the negative effects of Computer Games among children. Some of the negative effects include children feeling isolated from society, becoming more violent and aggressive, as well as lacking communicative skills. When playing Computer Games, children spend extended periods of time by themselves and do not have much interaction with other children, miss for the virtual ones.As a result, children who play Computer Games do not develop effective communication skills with others, since hours, if not all their spare time is fatigued on Computer Games. There has also been a rise in violence among children who play Computer Games, the Columbine High School massacre being one such example. Injuries and fighting at home and outside have risen because of children playing brutal Computer Games (Anderson, Gentile, & Buckley, 2007). Some researchers however argue that Computer Games can and do have positive effect s on children.They point out that children are not isolated, as they develop online gaming communities. Children are also able to learn real-life skills while playing Computer Games, as well as, learn how to escape violence. However, what two sides agree upon is that parents should guide their children on the outcomes of playing Computer Games. Personally, I think that Computer Games can be allowed when selected with caution and are not played frequently. As long as virtual reality does not knock back a childs real-life communication, Computer Games can become a great option for a childs leisure.

Writings by Edgar Allan Poe Insight

Dezzie B. Ligon III 10/30/12 English 5 Mr. Rabot Without Recourse Thesis The act of remainder is that of many intricate part. It is destined, at times a mystery that is sought, oft sudden and paralyzed accepted, and recurrently caused by vengeance lacking current legal expert. Title Conqueror dirt b each(prenominal) In life lies indispensability, in destiny lies oddment. The poem Conqueror Worm by Edgar Allan Poe exemplifies this fact by enactment man as a tragedy and a plant louse as the hero.The poem is put in as a play with a fleck telling of sin, madness, and horror. The angels are the audience members, man is shown as mimes that fly rough as mere puppets, and the sinuate Conqueror Worm surfaces at the mop up of the play and devours said mimes. After the curtains fall the angels because confirm that the play is the tragedy troops, and its hero the Conqueror Worm. The newspaper of this poem is conveyed to the reader in the quote The mimes become its food. The message of this is that in the final stage, all of man is destined to die and become bird louse food.His use of diction in the choosing of the word become instead of a word such(prenominal) as are tells the reader that man is non born as worm food, unless as destiny catches up they will inescapably succumb to such a fate. Additionally, although the Conqueror Worm is the collection of all worms that ultimately devour mans bodies, it is excessively the embodiment of remainder itself. Surprisingly, Poe uses this embodiment of demolition as the protagonist of the story. This and so creates the impinge of Man vs. Death, or more simply Character vs. Nature. Man is the Character while Death is Nature. Sadly, in such a conflict Nature always prevails.This conflict therefore gives more support to the whim that death is but the destiny of man. This ending destiny is also shown in the quote Out-out are the light-out all in which after the arrival of the wri social function worm n othing but darkness remains. Mans deathrate will always plague itself because there is only one thing man is meant to do. That is the everlasting fate of becoming nothing but worm food. Title Ms. Found in a Bottle In death lies mystery, in mystery lies those who seek answers. The short story Ms. Found in a Bottle by Edgar Allan Poe illustrates this idea done and through the intricate retelling of the closing moments of a mans life.The story is told through first soulfulness view by an unnamed fabricator. The fabricator originally sets sail from coffee bean on a ship headed to the Sunda Islands however the trip is ruined by a storm that kills all crew members except for him and an old swede. though they are alive, there ship is swept south by a whirlpool for 5 days earlier a black ships appears and collides with his ship. The narrator is thus thrown onto the new ship where he comes into contact with genuinely ancient looking crew members who do not ac bedledge his presence. finally he all overcomes his despair and eagerly awaits the discovery of the most southern parts of the world.Sadly, before reaching their final destination the ice parts disclosure a giant whirlpool that sinks the very large black ship. The rudimentary root word of the story is conveyed in the quote I presume, utterly unworkable yet a curiosity to penetrate the mysteries of these awful sections, predominates even over my despair in which the narrator tells the reader that his yearning for answers to the mysteries of the unchartered region stands above his actual fear of death. However, the unexplored region isnt actually that of the south.The south is just an embodiment of the realm of the dead and the curiosity the narrator feels is for the mystery of the inevitable death. The whirlpool that plays him and the ancient crew mates to such a realm is a symbol used by Poe to suck up a doorway to an unknown place. This is a perfect symbol because the whirlpool only brings thin gs down into the depths, the depths of the underworld itself. Additionally, the wanting of answers is also portrayed in the statement It is evident that we are hurrying onwards to some fire knowledge-some never-to-be imparted secret, whose attainment in destruction. here it is obvious that the knowledge they are quest is that of death, death being that which leads to destruction of oneself. The ancient crew members he set final voyage with seemed quite peculiar. It was as if they were on the brink of death but holding out for a sole reason. Right before the whirlpool hits it is said but there is upon their countenances an expression more of the keenness of hope than of the apathy of despair. The ancient ship mates seem to know of what is to come and smile because now they send packing truly find the answers they sought.To some(prenominal) them and eventually the narrator, death is something they seek because the mysteries of the realm of the dead are to enkindle to be left un answered. Title Annabel Lee In death lies abruptness, in abruptness lies ill acceptance. The poem Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe exemplifies this idea through the poetic telling of the death of a young boys lambd one. Annabel Lee, who long ago lived in a kingdom by the sea, love the narrator however she was abruptly killed by a wind that chilled her.The narrator mad with love thought that the Angels had envied their love and conspired with nature to send said wind that killed her. According to the narrator, their love was too quick to be severed by the Angels in heaven above or the demons down under the sea. He is reminded of Annabel Lee by everything, For the daydream never beams, without bringing me dreams of Annabel Lee, and at night he lies by her tomb by the sea. The theme of the poem is conveyed in the lines With a love that the winged seraphs of heaven coveted her and me.And this was the reason that, long ago A wind blew out of a cloud, chilling my beautiful Annabel Lee. Here depicts the idea that when one suddenly dies psyche else tends to have a concentrated time accepting their death and instead places point on things which blame cannot logically be placed. The narrator, along with many other people in real life, has trouble accepting the death of someone he loved so strongly. Thus, he seeks to blame the Angels or more specifically but only through inference, God. The angels went envying her and me-Yes that was the reason that the wind came killing my Annabel Lee. Once again, the ill acceptance of the sudden death of his loved one is shown by him muted ludicrously placing blame on angels controlling the winds. This constant condemnation of the Angels whence creates a small Character vs. Nature conflict in which the narrator-being the character-just isnt fully able to accept this sudden death caused by Nature. We all know death is inevitable, however, when it rears its ugly fangs and causes a late death of someone we care about, we lack the capability of complete acceptance.Title The Cask of Amontillado In death lies revenge, in revenge lies injustice. The short story The Cask of Amontillado portrays this idea through the recount of a vengeful plot devised by the narrator Montresor. At its beginning it is shown that Montresor held a grudge against Fortunato. Montresor says when he ventured upon insult, I vowed revenge. Fortunatos insult is unknown but to the narrator it is quite serious. He whence with the use of reverse psychology, tricks Fortunato into becoming intoxicated and into a niche transcendental deep at bottom the Montresor catacombs.Montresor then easily overcomes the drunken Fortunato and chains him within the niche. To finish his plot of revenge he walls Fortunato into his newfound tomb. The underlying theme of the story is conveyed in the quote I hastened to make an end of my promote. At first glance it would seem this is simply referring to Montresor and his completion of his impermanent wall, but it has a much stronger hidden meaning. The use of the word end refers to the sentence given to the convicted and the use of the word labor is that of the arduous take of being jury, judge, and executioner.Montresor, driven by vengeance, creates his own untrue law and condemns the accuse to a penalty not of death but that which will inevitably lead to such a fate. This odd sentence of Fortunato by Montresor can also be originally seen in the line I must not only penalise, but punish with impunity. Here Montresor says he has to punish him, but in a paradoxical way punish him without dense him. This is indeed what Montresor tried to do by locking him away, but permit him live.However, the idea of punishment with impunity is ludicrous because it is not possible. In reality, Montresor did punish him thus being another reason why vengeance is of untrue justice and law. Poe, making Montresor the protagonist, even though he is indeed doing evil industrial plant also supports the idea of vengeance without true law. When vengeance causes death, or want here when vengeance speeds up the ever turning wheel of the inevitable, it is not possible for justice to be uninvolved. However, it is also impossible for true and inviolable justice to be associated as well.

Pepsi Vision and Mission Essay

Headquartered in Purchase, youthful York, with Research and Development Headquarters in Valhalla, The Pepsi Cola Company began in 1898 by a Pharmacist and Industrialist Caleb Bradham, but it only became known as PepsiCo when it merged with Frito Lay in 1965. Until 1997, it also owned KFC, Pizza Hut, and wetback Bell, but these fast-food restaurants were spun off into Tricon Global Restaurants, now Yum Brands, Inc. PepsiCo purchased Tropicana in 1998, and Quaker Oats in 2001.In December 2005, PepsiCo surpassed Coca-Cola Company in market value for the source time in 112 years since both companies began to compete. PEPSICO INDIA PepsiCo gained entry to India in 1988 by creating a joint impale with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint menace marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991, when the use of foreign brands was allowed PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. 5 Others claim that firstly Pepsi was banned from import in India, in 1970, for having refused to release the list of its ingredients and in 1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market short afterwards. PepsiCos responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate environment, social, economic creating a better tomorrow than today. Our MISSION is come in into action through programs and a focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to build shareholder value by making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company.Our VISION is to be the worlds premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to set up financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for honesty, fairness and integrity. As PepsiCo has become one of the countrys leadin g food and beverage companies, now they are focusing level(p) globally. PepsiCo has built an expensive food and beverage business.PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a range of products from treats to hygienic eats that deliver joy as well as fare and always, good taste. PepsiCo has become one of the largest multinational investors in the country PepsiCo has ceremonious a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic inescapably of consumers in India. PepsiCoprovides various opportunities to the employees like they provide direct and indirect trading to around 150000 people.

Free education Essay

When Thomas Edison institute out to create the on the loose(p) bulb, his intention was to reduce the amount of clock that masses spent quiescency. His base was that if people had catch fire to kick the bucket by they could and would work longer hours. In his mind, balance was something that was not bespeaked and stood opposed to progress (Coren, 1996). Anything which tends to slow work down is a waste. We argon al guidances hearing people blab out about loss of kip as a calamity. They better foretell it loss of time, vitality, and chance. -Thomas Edison Even great minds, like Edisons, nates be vilify at times.Some inquiryers argue that had Edison spent more time forty winksing it would not dedicate taken him more than 1000 attempts to create his light bulb. Research has shown that need of sleep can keep up adverse some personifyal effects on an individuals physical health, noetic health, and productivity. The information presented in this paper will address t he importance of sleep in compassionate health, safety, and productivity. First, some physical issues attributed to sleep deprivation will be discussed. Next, intellectual problems link up to lack of sleep with be outlined with documented cases.Lastly, examples of errors and disasters that let been tied to sleep deprivation will be presented. There are many physical issues that are link to sleep deprivation. Cardiovascular problems and great peril of death have been tied to lack of sleep. The man ashes requires sleep to comfortore and repair itself. When the frame does not get the rest it requires the consequences can be quite unfortunate. Poor sleep has been shown to increase the risk of high parenthood pressure, heart failure, stroke, and heart attack.The human liver produces a protein called C-reactive protein that is used by the body to concern in response to inflammation, injury, or infection and is removed by the body when the inflammation, injury, or infection i s gone(a) or heals. This protein binds to damaged cells, as well as some bacteria, to aid in removing them from the body. This allows the body to heal. One study showed that over a goal of five old age during which a subject was denied sleep, the C-reactive protein builds up in blood at a steady and significant rate. Sleeping allows the body time to process and remove these proteins.An increase of these proteins can at times adopt to heart attack, stroke, or high blood pressure (Meier-Ewert , Ridker , Rifai, Regan, Price, Dinges & Mullington, 2004). The body is able to restore itself and heal when given between six and eight hours of sleep in a 24-hour period. While a person sleeps the resistant system is working to restore and revive the body. When the human body is not granted enough sleep, the immune system is not able to full complete the task of taking care of and healing the body. inadequacy of sleep can too cause the number of T-cells to decline in the human body.T-c ells aid in immunity and assist other cells in their functions. reject T-cell levels mean that the body is little able to fight off infection, mortify inflammation, or heal an injury (Mann, 2010). When the body is uneffective to heal itself, there is greater risk of death. Sleep deprivation can also blend in to an increase of stress, which has been linked to heart disease, obesity, depression, gastrointestinal issues, as well as mental heath issues. Allowing the body to rest and rejuvenate during sleep helps checker that many physical issues associated with the lack of sleep can be avoided. other way that lack of sleep increases the chance of early death is in traffic accidents. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration gives a conservative estimate that 100,000 reported crashes per year are a reply of a fatigued driver (Facts and stats 2012). Mental illness has also been linked to lack of sleep. Issues ranging from poor concentration, inability to concentre, memor y loss, the appearance of psychosis, and diagnosed mental disorders have been attributed to sleep deprivation. In the past, researchers believed that poor sleep was caused by psychiatric problems.However, new-made research is showing that a lack of sleep is usually the gas pedal of mental disorders. When the human body need to concentrate or focus when it has not had enough sleep, it produces hormones adrenaline and cortisol in an attempt to necessitate and wake itself up. These hormones give the body a short-term boost in energy and they affect the body in much the akin way that caffeine does. Once the boost in energy is finished, the body ofttimes crashes and a person returns to feeling tired unable to concentrate or focus a come across.These hormones, again like caffeine, often make a person feel jittery of jumpy, which may impede concentration and focus. These hormones have also been directly linked to increase stress in the human body (Hart, 1985). repositing loss can a lso be a solvent of sleep deprivation. Memories are captured and recalled in the brain by a three-step process. The commencement ceremony step in creating memories is acquisition where a person has their first father with what will become the memory. The next is consolidation which occurs while a person sleeps. In this step a memory becomes stable in a persons brain.Recall, the final step, is the ability to access the memory in the future. When the brain is denied the opportunity to stabilize a memory during sleep, a person is much less likely to retain the memory (Chang, 2011). Studies have also shown that pupils who study on a regular basis and get a good night sleep before exams chiefly do better than students who cram the night before. The information that the student needs is better solidified in the brain and is ready for recall when the student needs to access the information (Sifferlin, Augu). Symptoms of psychosis have also been directly tied to sleep deprivation.In at least two documented cases, persons who went without sleep for extended periods of time showed symptoms similar to psychosis. In 1964 Randy Gardner attempted to gain entry into the Guiness Book of Work Records by staying awake for eleven days (264 hours). Gardner suffered a gamut of symptoms. Days two through five found Gardner unable to concentrate, irritable, unwilling to cooperate with others, and hallucinating. During days six through nine Gardners expression slowed, his irritability increased, and he began to have lapses in his memory.He often would begin sentences without finishing them and he had difficulty recalling the names of common objects. Paranoia began to set in on day ten. On day eleven, Gardners speech was slurred and without intonation. He seemed expressionless and had to be encouraged to talk or respond to someone talking to him (Ross, 1965). A similar story is told of tool Tripp, a disk jockey from New York. In an effort to jaw money for the skirt of Dimes, Tripp stayed awake for 200 hours. He showed many of the same symptoms that Gardner did. Tripps experience with sleep deprivation ended with him mistaking a doctor for an undertaker.He charged out of the room with doctors following fast behind. Tripps mind could no longer determine what was real and what was not (Ross, 1965). With the aid of doctors, Randy Gardner was able to recover completely from his psychotic episode. He was monitored while he slept and eventually returned to approach pattern sleep patterns and a normal state of mind. Peter Tripp, however, suffered from his self-inflicted psychotic break. For some time after his cautious stunt he thought that he was an impostor of himself and complained of headaches and emotional instability. drop of sleep can also affect how people perform at their billets. Routine and remedial tasks are often affected by a lack of sleep. Simple errors, such as spelling, grammatical, mathematical, or clerical errors are most often made due t o a lack of sleep. These errors can either go unnoticed or can be turn without significant consequence. More significant errors are also attributed to fatigue. Between 50,000 and 100,000 deaths severally year are caused by preventable medical errors.Long shifts for doctors, interns, and nurses pass over medical professionals sleep required for them to function a high levels. The atomic accident at Three Mile Island, the meltdown at Chernobyl, the introduction of the Exxon Valdez, and the explosion of space shuttle Challenger have all been linked to fatigue (Harris, Horne, 2000). Sleep deprivation is bad for your brain when you are laborious to do high-level thinking tasks. It may have serious consequences both on performance and on the way your brain functions. -J. Christian Gillin, M. D. (DeNoon, 2000) In research and in experience it has been proven that lack of sleep can have adverse effects on an individuals physical health, mental health, and productivity.An individu als physical health is affected by sleep deprivation by an increased risk of death, cardiovascular problems, and issues with their immune system. A persons mental health suffers as well from a lack of sleep. Memory loss, inability to concentrate or focus, and even psychotic episodes have been traced to sleep deprivation. Randy Gardner and Peter Tripp are prime examples of what happens to the brain when it goes without sleep. Poor job performance and errors ranging from insignificant to catastrophic have been linked to a lack of sleep. The amount of sleep needed for each individual is different.Where some people are able to function on very little sleep, others need many hours to fully restore and rejuvenate. References Coren, S. (1996). Sleep thieves an eye-opening exploration into the mystery and acquisition of sleep. New Yok, NY Free Press Paperbacks. Hart, A. (1985). Adrenaline and stress. United States W create Group. Meier-Ewert , H. , Ridker , P. , Rifai, N. , Regan, M. , P rice, N. , Dinges, D. , & Mullington, M. (2004, February 18). Effect of sleep loss on c-reactive protein, an inflammatory chump of cardiovascular risk.. Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/pubmed/14975482.Mann, D. (2010, January 19). Can better sleep mean catching less colds?. Retrieved from http//www. webmd. com/sleep-disorders/excessive-sleepiness-10/immune-system-lack-of-sleep Harrison Y, Horne J. 2000. The impact of sleep deprivation on decision making A review. Retrieved from http//healthysleep. med. harvard. edu/healthy/matters/consequences/sleep-performance-and-public-safety Facts and stats. (2012). Retrieved from http//drowsydriving. org/about/facts-and-stats/ Ross, J. (1965). Neurological findings after prolonged sleep deprivation. stiff Neurol, 12, 399-403. Retrieved from http//www.psychiatrictimes. com/print/article/10168/54471? pageNumber=1&printable=true Chang, L. (2011, March 18). Sleep deprivation and memory loss. Retrieved from http//www. webmd. co m/sleep-disorders/guide/sleep-deprivation-effects-on-memory? page=2 DeNoon, D. (2000, February 09). Lack of sleep takes toll on brain power. Retrieved from http//www. webmd. com/sleep-disorders/news/20000209/lack-of-sleep-takes-toll-on-brain-power Sifferlin, A. (Augu). Time healthland. Retrieved from http//healthland. time. com/2012/08/21/study-or-sleep-for-better-grades-students-should-go-to-bed-early/ EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION1.

Should Nurses Disclose Hiv Status Health And Social Care Essay

Globally gentleman vivification is exposed to a premier threat of deathly human immunodeficiency virus virus which has halted 35 cardinal wad to decease and 34 million were populating with human immunodeficiency virus boulder clay 2011. In the recent epoch, augmented come across of I.V drug users, insecure blood transfusion and multiple sex spouses be considered high circumstancess for human immunodeficiency virus transmittance, on the contrary terror of stigmatisation, deficiency of creed in the community and effects on informal birth atomic number 18 some critical factors which hinder revelation of human immunodeficiency virus view and move on rapid spread of human immunodeficiency virus among vulnerable people. Continuing the secretiveness of human immunodeficiency virus position means endangering others life. Should the septic one hazard the life of others? I assert that observeing human immunodeficiency virus position to inner spouses and planetary house will pass hazard of human immunodeficiency virus transmittal, unwrap entree to medical handling and increase chances to societal and moral shop at for the enduring.Advocates argue that the foremost of import service of unwraping human immunodeficiency virus position to internal spouse and kinfolk is to cut vote down the hazard of transmittal. Although to make up ones mind when and how to portion the dismaying human immunodeficiency virus confirming position is hard notwithstanding after the revelation, knowledgeable spouses and home plate genus Phalluss become watchful to cognize their ain human immunodeficiency virus position. To command human immunodeficiency virus epidemics, Voluntary HIV proving and unwraping can efficaciously cut down hazard behaviours among vulnerable persons ( WHO, 2004 ) . Besides that, the most dynamic effect of Sharing HIV position with sexual spouse is involvement in preventative sexual behaviour. Sexual spouse become interested to cognize the di fferent fashion of HIV transmittal to follow preventative schemes. We k instanter that despite of the alone(p) promotion in the field of medicine no vaccinums atomic number 18 addressable for HIV. However, the merely defensive tool is to affect the vulnerable population in precautional behaviours. Research based literatures crap concluded that after unwraping HIV position the most frequent preventative behaviour followed by examination is addition in the system of rubbers ( Lauretta et al, 2010 ) . Furthermore, in the survey of Niccolai, Dorst, Myer &038 A Kissinger ( 1999, as cited in Lauretta et al. , 2010 ) it was concluded that the usage of rubber among those who havenaaa?t unwrap their HIV position to sexual spouse was near 23 % par to 73 % among those who have disclosed.The advocates too claim that unwraping HIV increase the determination towards separate intervention chances. Normally in our ain cultural circumstance after sharing whatever alarming diagnosing, n on merely patient of but customarily his close relations remain in battle to positioning such intervention centre which is easy accessible and cost effectual. Besides, those who have already suffered from the same disease shared their experiences and battles for intervention which become stabilising in designation of different agencies to acquire rid of the disease. During my clinical in civil infirmary Karachi, I have encountered two HIV positive degree immature patients. The parents of both patients knew the diagnosing and the male parent of one patient despite of limited income shifted his boy to Aga khan university infirmary for case intervention. trusted intervention like HAART therapy if received in initial point can cut down the lay waste toing consequence of HIV virus. HAART therapy decreases the patterned advance of HIV to AIDS by 86 % ( Sterne et al. , 2005 ) . Early designation, revelation and entree to intervention are good for the better forecast of any disease. Instrumental, informational, emotional and fiscal advantages can be achieved to better entree to medicine done unwraping HIV position to supportive blade ( Waddell &038 A Messeri, 2006 ) . In the survey of Waddell &038 A Messeri ( 2006 ) it was concluded that those who did non concealed their HIV positive position from any family member the sightly odds of intervention was 0.64 with a high support while those who did non unwrap their Status the average odds of intervention was 0.21. In add-on, different researches have proved the relationship between the effectivity of antiretroviral therapies and HIV forecast. About 80 % of patients are now alive 10 old ages after sero-conversion due to ART ( Oppenheim, 2009 ) . HIV marks CD4 immune cells of the organic structure finally decreases the opposition male monarch of the organic structure and the rate of timeserving infections like Tuberculosis ( TB ) addition. Preventing the patient signifier these timeserving infections can bette r life quality of HIV persons. In 2010 among 34 million instances of HIV worldwide, 1.1 million instances in sub-Saharan Africa were estimated holding HIV related TB ( Suthar et al. , 2010 ) . To command the beat effects of HIV /AIDS revelation facilitate entree to the support commissions. There are different organisations in different states working for bettering the life criterion of HIV patients, for illustration Alaskan AIDS Assistance affiliation ( 2008 ) supply aid to 300 HIV single yearly in the signifier of money, medicine, occupations, lodging, and instruction in Alaska ( USA ) .Unwraping HIV position seems implemental to acquire societal and emotional support from household. Not unwraping oneaaa?s HIV position is striping patient from psychological support which is executable to be achieved through revelation. Family members, friends and equal group become more sieve and credence is increased. While believing about and protecting self from the nix reaction ( e.g. fav oritism, rejection, and stigmatisation ) from the community, HIV patient stress to maintain their position secrete with a fright that if my household come to cognize about the diagnosings what will be the effects? It becomes the cause of societal isolation and produces self-aggrandizing impacts like emphasis, depression and low self-pride. But revelation increases societal support, household credence and beef up relationships between patients and household ( WHO, 2004 ) . These positive attacks from the household non merely cut down stress degree but besides the instrumental, moral and fiscal support from household increases the degree of self-esteem. The important others of the HIV positive patient facilitate induction and attachment to HIV intervention. Harmonizing to Norman, Chopra &038 A Kadiyala ( 2006 ) revelation of HIV position can enable the activation of household or community support web and cut down morbidness through better psychological direction.Oppositions argue t hat HIV position of patient should non be disclosed because unwraping the diagnosing consequences in stigmatisation and patients feel fright of rejection in household and community. Furthermore, oppositions besides claim that HIV positive patients are discriminated in the society, their rights of confidentiality are violated and revelation to sexual spouse affects sexual relationship. Due to the mentioned grounds oppositions support to maintain the diagnosing in secretiveness.protect others from catching disease is ethical and moral duty of every person. To light the opposition and increase credence of HIV positive patient, cumulative attempt are needed to convey a drastic alteration in people perception through verbally pass oning guidance and through engagement of media. As a nurse it is our premier duty to alert the people about HIV and alter the perceptual experience of people about HIV persons. Oppositions besides argue that revelation consequence sexual relationship but one time the position is shared with the sexual spouse does non intend that sexual activities can non be continued any longer. There are alternate preventative steps like usage of rubbers and serosorting to forestall the hazard of transmittal. In peculiar survey HIV positive drug users after sharing their position with their sexual spouses they were experiencing more comfy and relax with a lower anxiousness degree about HIV transmittal ( Julianne, Daniel, Sarah &038 A Tinal, 2005 ) . Evidences exist that reding can assist to increase the frequency of revelation to sexual spouse. The effects of guidance was evaluated by a age group surveies with the result of 56-65 % revelation rate among those who attended six reding session relation to those who attended three Sessionss and did non unwrap their position ( Scaly et al. , 2012 ) .To reason, being the member of a wellness attention squad we can bump a function of pedagogue, counsellor, and advocate. We can cut down the incidence of H IV transmittal by bettering the degree of instruction to allow the people know the raceway of its transmittal and bar. Today as a nurse we can play function to urge such policies which could cut down the stigma and ingest to ease HIV persons morally, emotionally, and socially to guarantee more revelation of HIV position.

League of Legends

The poesy Funeral Blues, which was written by W H Aden, is a beautiful rime in which the poet conveys the meaning through rhythm and scarring scenes he paints of lost love and bedevilment. The poem is about the demise of a love one and the actions taken after in the lead up to the funeral, as can be told by the title. The first stanza is striking with the poet creating a muteness In your head the second describes the preparation in a shocking tone that seems to echo for me as the reader.In the third stanza you atomic number 18 sh sustain the love and anguish In Its full swingy through the verbose rhythm of he words with m each commas to add an aura of suspense and depression, male pronouns are utilise to describe the dead person whose body fills the coffin so the poet Is subtly making reference to his sexuality as though to nonplus a point of his sadness, being gay himself. Finally the fourth stanza finishes the poem with words that suggest a lack of hope from close toon e who has assumption up In life. The important ideas that are verbalized in the poem are centered on loss they circle around death and how it affects the surrounding people when it takes a loved one.The main idea expressed by the poet is that without this person he is writing about his world is unavailing to go on. You see this in a beautiful scene in Four weddings and a funeral, when the poem is read out at the funeral of the readers servingner. He talks slowly and as the camera pans out you see the full-length consultation is crying silently, silence being a key part of W H Addends poem. Silence. His last stanza makes me as the reader feel standardised the world is caving in on me which links into the loss of hope and gratification and completely tears at the readers heart.The mood silently creeps of the page and into the readers mind, illustrating the distress that flows through the lines as though it where a stream. It is dark and without light and as I have said befor e it was without hope. He concentrate on u offendg language that could be understood by any age to symbolism that everyone could understand what he was feeling, that it was neither easy nor fractious to relate. The poem Is about hopelessness against the pass of our nature, of life and of death that the poet conveys through his slow rhythm and depressive mood.The Imagery used by W H Aden was an essential part of the effectiveness of the emotion behind the poem. He used It to paint pictures that affected the readers. With some very scaring pictures painted through auditory, and some beautiful, sad pictures painted through visual. These are used to make the audience react to the poem as though it where a recount of their own feelings. Prevent the dog from barking with a Juicy bone, Silence the pianos and with muffled debone This quote is an example of auditory imaging.It creates a silent wind in the readers ears and the world the poem creates becomes darker due to the idea of sile nce. Silence is one of the main horrors of death from the poem and it links directly to the sadness of love and life. in person when I see this line I can hear the impound of a cuckoo clock cutting of mid call, the cord on a telephone, ripped from its socket and as the silence becomes more, then suddenly the sound of the slow muffled drums of a parade, making its way towards me. This is an example of great definition in my mind because it conveys the significant meaning of the poets silence in a few words.Put crepe bows round the white necks of the public doves, Let the occupation policemen wear black cotton gloves. Is an example of visual imagery by themselves the lines are beautiful and tranquilityful, but they add to the sorrow through their calm, delicate, violator when combined with the rest of the poem. It is amazing how Aden has intertwined doves into his dark and sorrowful poem as they are a sign of love, peace, holiness and fertility, not death, sadness and the sin of homosexuality in many cultures. The stars are not wanted flat put out every one, Pack up the moon and discase the sun,Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood For nothing at a time can ever come to any good This stanza is the most visual, I myself am able to see people covering the stars with black cloth, move down the sun, bit by bit, and clearing the land dry and barren. W H Addends poem Funeral Blues shows the reader that death is a force stronger than life and love stronger than the both he does this through the visual imagery he has created throughout the stanzas to create a sense of harsh peace and auditory imagery to chill the reader with the power of silence.

Li & Fung Core Strategies Essay

Li and Fungs Core StrengthsOne of the philia strengths of Li and Fung was acquisitions as they saw it as a means to nurse growth momentum. Most of the time they tried to fill in the arial mosaic by acquiring competitors in areas where they lacked positioning, expertise or talent. They just did not acquired companies they made them integrated with the old ones to make When they acquire companies Li & angstrom Fungs strategy is to integrate incoming staff and streamline trading operations seamlessly within 100 days.Li & amp Fung works to a cardinal Year Plan that addresses strategies across the board and in recent eld has put down and met the goal of doubling its size with each plan.Li & Fung has achieved its milestones a lot faster, while keeping costs down by investing in new technology and software solutions. The company has set up the infrastructure for web conferencing between all of its offices. The company has amend IT softwares, particularly those relative to infrast ructure that will offer alter collaboration, such as VOIP phones, WebEx, SharePoint for internal and client collaboration, videoconferencing and EDI. This has allowed them to cut costs and ontogeny productivity. Also Li & Fung centralized back-office systems contributed to improve the efficiency of acquisition.Li & Fungs as a middleman provided a childlike array of services that spanned the whole supply chain. In addition, they supplied both grievous goods and soft goods from suppliers to different countries and territories. Acted as the middlemen, the company could reduce matching and opinion risks.How do these core strengths make Li and Fung an attractive option for its customer?How do Li and Fung make the supply chain more responsive (i.e., fast and flexible?Do you think that other companies can imitate Li & Fungs businessmodel? Why or why not? Be brief.

Nursing Research

? first appearance halt look for is a systematic process by which nurses whitethorn employ sessiond to brook or refine subsisting knowledge and to seek new ideas well-nigh issues related to treat work (Borbasi, Jackson, &038 Langford, 2008). It falls for the intimately sort out into dickens argonas, viz. Qualitative headspring and Quantitative look whereby qualitative enquiry is found on the model of phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnography and views the get laid of those receiving or delivering nurse c atomic number 18.The search rules or so unwashedly expenditured in qualitative look for argon interviews, case studies, and ethnography. On the early(a)(a)(a) hand, valued look into is found in the paradigm of logical positivism and is foc usaged upon numbers for clients that atomic number 18 measur satisfactory, generally apply statistics gathered from a look into questionnaire method of look into (Parahoo, 1997). The objective of this b reast feeding search assignment is to distinguish the appoint iodin-third pieces of consider for enquiry with a common issue that is germane(predicate) to my period clinical association.The pentad mannikins of the look for process de discontinue be describe and discussed the findings of the researchers by providing types from for individually adept demand. For purposes of this assignment, the research upshot which I want to examine is piti adapted hygiene and failure to take after transmittance system fake practices, impart to the mete out of nosocomial transmittals especially those caused by antibiotic- skanky strain of bacteria much(prenominal)(prenominal) as methicillin-resistant staph aureus (MRSA) in a clinical stage pose.The express effect was chosen because it has been discovered during my clinical bugger off, that most of the term revives, nurses, and an separate(prenominal) health professionals does not stick with to the implem entation of existing guidelines apt(p) to contagious disease legal community and chasteness practices by chance callable to overweening workload and speedy swage detachment of perseverings just now n startheless, that is not an excuse. Further, the emergence of antibiotic resistance is to begin with due to excessive and often unnecessary use of antibiotics to forbearings (Gould, 2008).Risk doer for the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals can be summarized as over-crowding and lapses in hygiene or poor transmitting ascertain practices (Gopal Rao, 1998). The tercet identify nursing research clauses relates to my present-day(prenominal) clinical experience wherein a common caper was determined specifically enumerating the factors for the spread of health wish-associated transmittances (HCAIs) much(prenominal) as MRSA and providing round remedies to keep open and carry the contagion of such transmissions.Problems determine in social intercourse to m y clinical experience. Based on old studies it was determine that the mode of transmission of micro -organisms in a healthcargon move include record and in acquire contact, inhalation or droplet, waterborne or body wandering passage, foodborne, and sexual activity (Gould, 2008). The problems related to my clinical experience are poor hygiene and non- stick aboutnce to contagion visualize guidelines by nursing mental faculty and other health professionals.Hence, it appears that transmission tick was not mightily managed in a health tutelage displace. In my clinical experience it was respectd that most of the doctors and nurses do not better usable gloves and useable forestage during their visit to polar diligents especially for those tolerants who are in isolation live afflicted with antithetical kinds of disease. This observation can be illustrated when a uncomplaining was admitted in the ward and lodged in an isolation style because the unhurried is MRSA substantiating.The doctor enter into the patients room to do some medical examination exam exam assessment and most of the time doctor tend to parry to wear cherishive sky before make doed clinical assessments, despite the notice or sign affix in front of the patients room being an isolate area. Upon conduceing the medical assessment on a patient who is MRSA positive, the doctor did not wash his reach instead continued his lineage by conducting medical check up on the other patients who are not in isolation area. In addition, nurses also tend to forget to surveil contagion control ractices. They failed to belowstand the chain of contagious disease control, for guinea pig an E. coli, which is considered as an contagious disease agent found in the large bowel of human casting the greater part of the normal intestinal flora. Its user interface of exit is via faeces. The nurse removed the contaminated linen from the recognise. The E. coli contaminated the hands of the nurse who thus provided heraldic bearing to another patient without hand washing. The moment patient has a foley catheter. The nurse manipulated the catheter tube-shaped structure, the E. oli in the nurses hands contaminated the catheter tubing and ascending to the patients urinary pamphlet and then into the bladder. The temptable host, who is the foster patient with the foley catheter is an elderly and had a chronic illness necessitating have sex seat rest. The foley catheter contaminated by the E. coli organism provided a study route into the urinary bladder causing the transmission of the transmitting from unrivalled patient to another. The most common mode of transmission of contagious disease is by result contact, often on the hands of health workers.This is the representation that most HCAIs are spread and justifys why hand washing is emphasized as the most important way of breaking the chain of infection (Gould, 2008). Moreover, nurses were detect roami ng almost in the ward corridor wearing the disposable gloves and disposable g admits after providing nursing care to patients who are in isolation room. These actuations get a line that nurses should have inveterate education on the implementation of infection control practices to avoid cross-infection and transmission of contagious diseases among patients.The essence of public health is winning sensible mea receiveds to balk problems in the future. Good infection control in primeval care has the voltage to prevent grave consequences for patients. Nurses in primary care should bump a crucial role in ensuring cleanliness, infection control practices and follow to guidelines in this important area (Gould, 2008). Five fleshs of the research process The nursing research process contains an orderly series of phases or steps that describe the key points of research choose. inquiry oblige has some(prenominal) qualitative and trey-figure research method to articulate and a nswer the issues apt(p) to the specific discipline (Borbasi, et al. , 2008). The first phase of nursing research is to look at the study by identifying the issue or problem to be analyze relevant to the amour of the researcher that get out include the goal of the study, reexamine of literature, ontogeny of conjectural mannequin, and the formulation of research hypothesis (Borbasi, et al. , 2008).Literature reappraisal serves to put the current study into the context of what is already known slightly the phenomenon (Parahoo, 1997). The trine identify nursing research were conceived due to the following problems In term one entitled Plastic proscenium wall wear during direct patient care, the researchers give tongue to the problem as inconsistent practice in forestage use by nurses in health care setting (Candlin &038 dim, 2005). In this study an enlargement of the general themes and concentration of the briny report is granted and the reader is able to move over c hoice about the relevancy of the obligate for the purpose.The place problem in name two entitled unconditional the stake of MRSA infection concealment and separate patients stated that there is a need to smirch the spread of antibiotic resistant infection through screening and isolating patients (Bissett, 2005). For article three, entitled bed occupancy, turnover detachment and MRSA place in northerly Ireland, the researchers set the problem as the change magnitude rate of MRSA infection in the healthcare setting. Relative thereto, the aim of the study is to ascertain the kindred between bed percentage occupancy and MRSA patient episode rates (Cunningham, kernohan &038 Rush, 2006).In the refreshen of literature, the researchers of the three articles analyses the literatures from different sources such as Cinahl, Medline and Pubmed (Bissett, 2005), to swear out in the development of theoretical framework to apologize or estimate study outcomes (Borbasi, et al. , 200 8). In article three the researchers develop theoretical framework to explain their findings by using the collected reading from different sources. The second phase of nursing research is to design the study whereby the methodology for the conduct of research was identified (Borbasi, et al. , 2008).It includes the process of entropy parade, whereby article three is an example of quantitative method of research wherein the researchers gathered the necessitate information from yearly reports and hospital statistics. In article one, the researchers collected the information and selective information indispensable in their study from 15 journal articles which are relevant to their topic that contribute to the credibility of the outcome of the study and this is a representation of a qualitative method of research as the researchers analyses previous case studies relevant to their topic (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005).Further, article two was identified as a quantitative study and clear ly defined the research question to be answered (Bissett, 2005). The conduct of the study is the third phase of nursing research and ethics is part of phase 3 of the nursing process. It is an important part of nursing research and it is an area in which the health professional is bear on daily curiously in providing care to patients. Issues relating to the study, design, recruitment of participants, feedback and data collection methods are study to scrutiny of a departmental ethics committal and blessing should be obtained.Consent was secured from the target participants by the researchers in brave out to their study (Borbasi, et al. , 2008). phase angle 3 includes the actual data collection liable(p) to the study. In article one, the researchers evaluated and analyses the information and data gathered from the documents. They separated the data into three categories in order to accurately determine and interpret their findings (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005).Records manoeuver t hat the researchers of the three identified nursing research sought the approval of an institutional ethics direction prior to the conduct of their respective studies. However, such approval was not declare in the content of their studies. The three nursing research studies encountered some limitations, which impact the validity of the outcome of their studies. For example, in article one and three, the researchers identified their method of data analysis as their limitation in the conduct of their studies.Candlin &038 Stark (2005) stressed that the documentary analysis in their study have especial(a) available data, which are incomplete, inaccurate and has inherent biases, time the researcher in article two explained that by using survey questionnaire in the data collection does not guarantee that the target participants result provide upright and accurate answers to the questions (Bissett, 205). The analysis of the study, which includes the interpretation of the gathered da ta is the fourth phase of the nursing research process.The findings in article two, release that nursing staff doesnt understand the fitting implementation of infection control practices and the potential transmission of infections from one patient to another (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005). The findings in article one and three as presented were brief, concise and accurate which are easy to understand. In article three, the researchers presented the results of the study in tables and graphs, which were used as grapheme to explain the findings of the study.The phase five of nursing research is use the study that completes the research process and stops that results or findings of the study are dual-lane with the target consumers (Borbasi, et al. 2008). This phase includes recommendations whether further study is needed to strengthen the findings of the study and conclusions, which are being used as reference to reinforce the outcome of the research study. It whitethorn include the rating of the study and a compend of the findings together with the relevance and importance of the study in nursing practice.The researchers of the three articles presented their respective conclusions in a brief and concise manner. The researchers in article one outlined their conclusion as brief as mathematical and stated the subtraction of the study in relation to nursing practice. Nurses should adhere to the existing policies and guidelines pertinent to infection control practices such as use of disposable apron during direct patient care and nurses should have discretion on the state policies, to promote sound practice and condense hazard of cross-infection, an area that cannot be ignored (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005).The researcher in article two emphasized that health worker should follow and observe the existing guidelines on infection control and MRSA screening should be done to all patients who are subject for ingress to asperse the risk of MRSA infections (Bissett , 2005). Finally, in article three, as part of the findings of the study, the researchers were able to establish the link between high bed occupancy, patient turnovers musical interval and MRSA rates considering that nurses do not have abundant time to implement sound infection control practices (Cunningham, Kernohan &038 Rush, 2006).Influence of the research study to the identified issue The study conducted in article one was able to identify the factors that influence the nurses to use plastic apron when providing direct patient care such as nurses uniforms are not considered as protective clothing. It promotes replete(p) practice for health workers as plastic apron protect themselves and other people in a healthcare setting from contagious diseases and other infections. The use of plastic apron pass on reduce the risk of cross-contamination and prevent the spread of micro-organisms.This research study could influence the identified problem by calling the attention of the healt h service managers to ensure that a form _or_ system of presidential term from apron use is implemented. The management shall make sure that nurses and other health professionals pass on have adequate access to disposable apron to protect themselves from contamination, and to guarantee the effectivety of the patients and staff member in a healthcare setting (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005). Article two is considered as an educational in nursing practice.It provides information and data that described nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria such as MRSA (Bissett, 2005). Likewise, the study enumerated some infection control scheme that can be applied in my clinical experience such as surveillance of infection, education and training production, review and dissemination of indite policies and guidelines, etc. that will provide a safe purlieu in the clinical setting by protecting the clients and other staff members.These infection control strategies will ensure safe and good nursing practice that will lead to proper management of infection control practices. It is kindle to note in this article, the findings of the researchers would serve as reference in combating healthcare-associated infections. It would drill the nursing staff as far as infection control practices that form part as an update of the existing policies and guidelines.It reminds the nurses and other healthcare workers of the grave consequences for patients if there will be an clap of the infection in the clinical setting. Likewise, the author of the article redeed some infection control strategies that will be of help in reducing the risk of cross-contamination and preventing the spread or transmission of infections. Bissett (2005) stressed that isolation of patient who is MRSA positive is the most holy man precautionary measure to prevent the spread of infections united with hygiene and cleanliness in spite of appearance the hospital premises.The data presen ted in article three are general in my clinical experience and the findings of the study is clear in every healthcare setting that when there is a rapid turnover interval of patients meaning admission of patients is greater than the discharge it will caused high bed occupancy resulting to increase in the MRSA rate due to overcrowding and work clog up of nurses and other healthcare workers in a hospital setting.Such limitations will put the nurses and medical staff working under pressure and may tend to forget to follow hygiene procedures and infection control practices (Wenzel, 1993). This article may influence the identified problem in my clinical experience by introducing equitable distribution of workload among nurses and medical staff that will include the number of patients to be taken care of by each nurse or medical staff.In this case, nurses could get on the activities and care plan to be introduced to the patient including the promotion of proper hygiene and observance of infection control practices. Conclusion In conclusion, the main recommendations arising from this study suggest that nurses must be knowledgeable to the current policies and guidelines congeneric to proper hygiene and infection control practices. This recommendation relates to the competencies of nurses to promote an environment that enables client safety, independence, note of life, and health.Likewise, nurses must also be responsible for their own professional development (Weber &038 Kelly, 2003). All qualified nurses must develop readiness vital evaluation of research. According to Borbasi, et. al. (2008), it must be evident that nursing care provided to clients if possible, is based on quality research based evidence. Assessing critical evaluation skills takes time and practice. Working along with other nurses (senior staff) can make the process much effective.This will ensure that the highest possible standard for evidence-based practice is provided for patients. Rela tive to the three pieces of nursing research, it appears that poor hygiene and failure to follow infection control practices by nurses and other healthcare workers are contributing(prenominal) to rapid transmission of nosocomial infections such as MRSA in a clinical setting (Bissett, 2005). To effectively address this issue existing policies and guidelines on infection control and prevention should be updated and strictly implemented in a clinical setting.An audit tool to monitor compliance of nurses and other health professionals to the said guidelines and policies should be initiated as part of the strategies on how to minimize if cannot eradicate the spread of infections. This study can be considered as a wake up call for nurses, doctors, and other healthcare workers for them to religiously observe proper hygiene within the hospital setting and strictly follow the standards provided by the government to stop the spread of infections in a clinical setting as well as in community setting through effective information, and education campaign.REFERENCES Bissett, L. (2005). Controlling the risk of MRSA infection screening and isolating patients. British journal of Nursing, 14 (7), 396-390. Borbasi, S. , Jackson, D. , &038 Langford, R. (2008). Navigating the maze of nursing research 2e An interactive learn adventure. Sydney, Australia Elsevier Mosby. Candlin, J. , Stark, S. (2005). Plastic apron wear during direct patient care. Nursing Standard. 20, (2), 41-46. Cunningham, J. , Kernohan, W. , &038 Rush, T. (2006). bash occupancy, turnover internal and MRSA rates in Northern Ireland. British daybook of Nursing, 15 (6), 324-328.Gopal Rao, G. (1998). Risk factors for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Department of Microbiology, University infirmary Lewisham, London Gould, D. (2008). closing off precaution to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. Nursing Standard. 23, (22), 47-55. Parahoo, K. (1997). Nursing Research Principles, processes and issu es. Macmillan. ISB No. 337-69918-1. Weber, J. &038 Kelly, J. , (2003). Health assessment in nursing. Lippincott Williams &038 Wilkins. Wenzel, RP. (1993). legal profession and control of nosocomial infections, (2nd ed. ). Lippincott Williams &038 Wilkins.Nursing Research?INTRODUCTION Nursing research is a systematic process by which nurses may used to confirm or refine existing knowledge and to explore new ideas about issues related to nursing practice (Borbasi, Jackson, &038 Langford, 2008). It falls largely into two areas, namely Qualitative research and Quantitative research whereby qualitative research is based on the model of phenomenology, grounded theory, and ethnography and examines the experience of those receiving or delivering nursing care.The research methods most commonly used in qualitative research are interviews, case studies, and ethnography. On the other hand, quantitative research is based in the paradigm of logical positivism and is focused upon outcomes for cli ents that are measurable, generally using statistics gathered from a survey questionnaire method of research (Parahoo, 1997). The objective of this nursing research assignment is to distinguish the identified three pieces of nursing research with a common issue that is relevant to my current clinical experience.The five phases of the research process will be outlined and discussed the findings of the researchers by providing examples from each study. For purposes of this assignment, the research topic which I want to examine is poor hygiene and failure to follow infection control practices, contributing to the spread of nosocomial infections especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a clinical setting.The said topic was chosen because it has been observed during my clinical experience, that most of the time doctors, nurses, and other health professionals does not adhere to the implementation of ex isting guidelines pertinent to infection prevention and control practices maybe due to excessive workload and rapid turnover interval of patients but nonetheless, that is not an excuse. Further, the emergence of antibiotic resistance is primarily due to excessive and often unnecessary use of antibiotics to patients (Gould, 2008).Risk factor for the spread of resistant bacteria in hospitals can be summarized as over-crowding and lapses in hygiene or poor infection control practices (Gopal Rao, 1998). The three identified nursing research articles relates to my current clinical experience wherein a common problem was determined specifically enumerating the factors for the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) such as MRSA and providing some remedies to prevent and control the transmission of such infections.Problems identified in relation to my clinical experience. Based on previous studies it was ascertained that the mode of transmission of micro -organisms in a healthca re setting include direct and indirect contact, inhalation or droplet, waterborne or body fluid route, foodborne, and sexual activity (Gould, 2008). The problems related to my clinical experience are poor hygiene and non-adherence to infection control guidelines by nursing staff and other health professionals.Hence, it appears that infection control was not properly managed in a healthcare setting. In my clinical experience it was observed that most of the doctors and nurses do not wear disposable gloves and disposable apron during their visit to different patients especially for those patients who are in isolation room afflicted with different kinds of disease. This observation can be illustrated when a patient was admitted in the ward and lodged in an isolation room because the patient is MRSA positive.The doctor enter into the patients room to do some medical assessment and most of the time doctor tend to forget to wear protective gear before conducted clinical assessments, despi te the notice or sign posted in front of the patients room being an isolated area. Upon conducting the medical assessment on a patient who is MRSA positive, the doctor did not wash his hands instead continued his job by conducting medical check up on the other patients who are not in isolation area. In addition, nurses also tend to forget to follow infection control ractices. They failed to understand the chain of infection control, for example an E. coli, which is considered as an infection agent found in the large intestine of human form the greater part of the normal intestinal flora. Its port of exit is via faeces. The nurse removed the contaminated linen from the bed. The E. coli contaminated the hands of the nurse who then provided care to another patient without hand washing. The second patient has a foley catheter. The nurse manipulated the catheter tubing, the E. oli in the nurses hands contaminated the catheter tubing and ascending to the patients urinary tract and then in to the bladder. The susceptible host, who is the second patient with the foley catheter is an elderly and had a chronic illness necessitating complete bed rest. The foley catheter contaminated by the E. coli organism provided a direct route into the urinary bladder causing the transmission of the infection from one patient to another. The most common mode of transmission of infection is by direct contact, often on the hands of health workers.This is the way that most HCAIs are spread and explains why hand washing is emphasized as the most important way of breaking the chain of infection (Gould, 2008). Moreover, nurses were observed roaming around in the ward corridor wearing the disposable gloves and disposable gowns after providing nursing care to patients who are in isolation room. These actuations probe that nurses should have continuing education on the implementation of infection control practices to avoid cross-infection and transmission of contagious diseases among patients.T he essence of public health is taking sensible measures to prevent problems in the future. Good infection control in primary care has the potential to prevent grave consequences for patients. Nurses in primary care should play a crucial role in ensuring cleanliness, infection control practices and adhere to guidelines in this important area (Gould, 2008). Five phases of the research process The nursing research process contains an orderly series of phases or steps that outline the key points of research study.Research article has both qualitative and quantitative research method to develop and answer the issues pertinent to the specific topic (Borbasi, et al. , 2008). The first phase of nursing research is to conceive the study by identifying the issue or problem to be studied relevant to the interest of the researcher that will include the goal of the study, review of literature, development of theoretical framework, and the formulation of research hypothesis (Borbasi, et al. , 200 8).Literature review serves to put the current study into the context of what is already known about the phenomenon (Parahoo, 1997). The three identified nursing research were conceived due to the following problems In article one entitled Plastic apron wear during direct patient care, the researchers stated the problem as inconsistent practice in apron use by nurses in healthcare setting (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005). In this study an expansion of the general themes and concentration of the main report is given and the reader is able to make choice about the relevance of the article for the purpose.The identified problem in article two entitled controlling the risk of MRSA infection screening and isolating patients stated that there is a need to minimize the spread of antibiotic resistant infection through screening and isolating patients (Bissett, 2005). For article three, entitled bed occupancy, turnover interval and MRSA rates in Northern Ireland, the researchers identified the pro blem as the increasing rate of MRSA infection in the healthcare setting. Relative thereto, the aim of the study is to ascertain the relationship between bed percentage occupancy and MRSA patient episode rates (Cunningham, kernohan &038 Rush, 2006).In the review of literature, the researchers of the three articles analyses the literatures from different sources such as Cinahl, Medline and Pubmed (Bissett, 2005), to help in the development of theoretical framework to explain or predict study outcomes (Borbasi, et al. , 2008). In article three the researchers develop theoretical framework to explain their findings by using the collected data from different sources. The second phase of nursing research is to design the study whereby the methodology for the conduct of research was identified (Borbasi, et al. , 2008).It includes the process of data collection, whereby article three is an example of quantitative method of research wherein the researchers gathered the needed data from annua l reports and hospital statistics. In article one, the researchers collected the information and data needed in their study from 15 journal articles which are relevant to their topic that contribute to the credibility of the outcome of the study and this is a representation of a qualitative method of research as the researchers analyses previous case studies relevant to their topic (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005).Further, article two was identified as a quantitative study and clearly outlined the research question to be answered (Bissett, 2005). The conduct of the study is the third phase of nursing research and ethics is part of phase 3 of the nursing process. It is an important part of nursing research and it is an area in which the health professional is involved daily particularly in providing care to patients. Issues relating to the study, design, recruitment of participants, feedback and data collection methods are subject to scrutiny of a departmental ethics committee and approval should be obtained.Consent was secured from the target participants by the researchers in support to their study (Borbasi, et al. , 2008). Phase 3 includes the actual data collection pertinent to the study. In article one, the researchers evaluated and analyses the information and data gathered from the documents. They separated the data into three categories in order to accurately determine and interpret their findings (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005).Records show that the researchers of the three identified nursing research sought the approval of an institutional ethics committee prior to the conduct of their respective studies. However, such approval was not acknowledged in the content of their studies. The three nursing research studies encountered some limitations, which affect the validity of the outcome of their studies. For example, in article one and three, the researchers identified their method of data analysis as their limitation in the conduct of their studies.Candlin &038 S tark (2005) stressed that the documentary analysis in their study have limited available data, which are incomplete, inaccurate and has inherent biases, while the researcher in article two explained that by using survey questionnaire in the data collection does not guarantee that the target participants will provide honest and accurate answers to the questions (Bissett, 205). The analysis of the study, which includes the interpretation of the gathered data is the fourth phase of the nursing research process.The findings in article two, reveal that nursing staff doesnt understand the proper implementation of infection control practices and the potential transmission of infections from one patient to another (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005). The findings in article one and three as presented were brief, concise and accurate which are easy to understand. In article three, the researchers presented the results of the study in tables and graphs, which were used as reference to explain the find ings of the study.The phase five of nursing research is use the study that completes the research process and ensures that results or findings of the study are shared with the target consumers (Borbasi, et al. 2008). This phase includes recommendations whether further study is needed to strengthen the findings of the study and conclusions, which are being used as reference to reinforce the outcome of the research study. It may include the evaluation of the study and a summary of the findings together with the relevance and importance of the study in nursing practice.The researchers of the three articles presented their respective conclusions in a brief and concise manner. The researchers in article one outlined their conclusion as brief as possible and stated the implication of the study in relation to nursing practice. Nurses should adhere to the existing policies and guidelines pertinent to infection control practices such as use of disposable apron during direct patient care and nurses should have understanding on the said policies, to promote good practice and reduce risk of cross-infection, an area that cannot be ignored (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005).The researcher in article two emphasized that health worker should follow and observe the existing guidelines on infection control and MRSA screening should be done to all patients who are subject for admission to minimize the risk of MRSA infections (Bissett, 2005). Finally, in article three, as part of the findings of the study, the researchers were able to establish the link between high bed occupancy, patient turnovers interval and MRSA rates considering that nurses do not have enough time to implement effective infection control practices (Cunningham, Kernohan &038 Rush, 2006).Influence of the research study to the identified issue The study conducted in article one was able to identify the factors that influence the nurses to use plastic apron when providing direct patient care such as nurses uniforms are not considered as protective clothing. It promotes good practice for health workers as plastic apron protect themselves and other people in a healthcare setting from contagious diseases and other infections. The use of plastic apron will reduce the risk of cross-contamination and prevent the spread of micro-organisms.This research study could influence the identified problem by calling the attention of the health service managers to ensure that a policy from apron use is implemented. The management shall make sure that nurses and other health professionals will have adequate access to disposable apron to protect themselves from contamination, and to guarantee the safety of the patients and staff member in a healthcare setting (Candlin &038 Stark, 2005). Article two is considered as an educational in nursing practice.It provides information and data that described nosocomial infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strain of bacteria such as MRSA (Bissett, 2005). Likewise, the study enumerated some infection control strategy that can be applied in my clinical experience such as surveillance of infection, education and training production, review and dissemination of written policies and guidelines, etc. that will provide a safe environment in the clinical setting by protecting the clients and other staff members.These infection control strategies will ensure safe and good nursing practice that will lead to proper management of infection control practices. It is interesting to note in this article, the findings of the researchers would serve as reference in combating healthcare-associated infections. It would educate the nursing staff as far as infection control practices that form part as an update of the existing policies and guidelines.It reminds the nurses and other healthcare workers of the grave consequences for patients if there will be an outbreak of the infection in the clinical setting. Likewise, the author of the article suggested some infection cont rol strategies that will be of help in reducing the risk of cross-contamination and preventing the spread or transmission of infections. Bissett (2005) stressed that isolation of patient who is MRSA positive is the most ideal precautionary measure to prevent the spread of infections coupled with hygiene and cleanliness within the hospital premises.The data presented in article three are prevalent in my clinical experience and the findings of the study is evident in every healthcare setting that when there is a rapid turnover interval of patients meaning admission of patients is greater than the discharge it will caused high bed occupancy resulting to increase in the MRSA rate due to overcrowding and work overload of nurses and other healthcare workers in a hospital setting.Such limitations will put the nurses and medical staff working under pressure and may tend to forget to follow hygiene procedures and infection control practices (Wenzel, 1993). This article may influence the iden tified problem in my clinical experience by introducing equitable distribution of workload among nurses and medical staff that will include the number of patients to be taken care of by each nurse or medical staff.In this case, nurses could concentrate on the activities and care plan to be introduced to the patient including the promotion of proper hygiene and observance of infection control practices. Conclusion In conclusion, the main recommendations arising from this study suggest that nurses must be knowledgeable to the current policies and guidelines relative to proper hygiene and infection control practices. This recommendation relates to the competencies of nurses to promote an environment that enables client safety, independence, quality of life, and health.Likewise, nurses must also be responsible for their own professional development (Weber &038 Kelly, 2003). All qualified nurses must develop competency critical evaluation of research. According to Borbasi, et. al. (2008) , it must be evident that nursing care provided to clients if possible, is based on quality research based evidence. Assessing critical evaluation skills takes time and practice. Working along with other nurses (senior staff) can make the process more effective.This will ensure that the highest possible standard for evidence-based practice is provided for patients. Relative to the three pieces of nursing research, it appears that poor hygiene and failure to follow infection control practices by nurses and other healthcare workers are contributory to rapid transmission of nosocomial infections such as MRSA in a clinical setting (Bissett, 2005). To effectively address this issue existing policies and guidelines on infection control and prevention should be updated and strictly implemented in a clinical setting.An audit tool to monitor compliance of nurses and other health professionals to the said guidelines and policies should be initiated as part of the strategies on how to minimiz e if cannot eradicate the spread of infections. This study can be considered as a wake up call for nurses, doctors, and other healthcare workers for them to religiously observe proper hygiene within the hospital setting and strictly follow the standards provided by the government to stop the spread of infections in a clinical setting as well as in community setting through effective information, and education campaign.REFERENCES Bissett, L. (2005). Controlling the risk of MRSA infection screening and isolating patients. British journal of Nursing, 14 (7), 396-390. Borbasi, S. , Jackson, D. , &038 Langford, R. (2008). Navigating the maze of nursing research 2e An interactive learning adventure. Sydney, Australia Elsevier Mosby. Candlin, J. , Stark, S. (2005). Plastic apron wear during direct patient care. Nursing Standard. 20, (2), 41-46. Cunningham, J. , Kernohan, W. , &038 Rush, T. (2006). Bed occupancy, turnover internal and MRSA rates in Northern Ireland. British Journal of Nursi ng, 15 (6), 324-328.Gopal Rao, G. (1998). Risk factors for the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Lewisham, London Gould, D. (2008). Isolation precaution to prevent the spread of contagious diseases. Nursing Standard. 23, (22), 47-55. Parahoo, K. (1997). Nursing Research Principles, processes and issues. Macmillan. ISB No. 337-69918-1. Weber, J. &038 Kelly, J. , (2003). Health assessment in nursing. Lippincott Williams &038 Wilkins. Wenzel, RP. (1993). Prevention and control of nosocomial infections, (2nd ed. ). Lippincott Williams &038 Wilkins.