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Tuesday, December 31, 2013

Stars

Stars Mike McCann Science Report Science Report P.d. 4 STARS The magnitude scale was invented by an ancient Greek stargazer named Hipparchus in roughly 150 BC He distinguish the stars he could see in terms of their sheenyness, with 1 representing the blindingest small-scale to 6 representing the faintest. Modern astronomy has extended this system to stars brighter than Hipparchus foremost magnitude stars and ones much, much fainter than 6. As it turns out, the eye senses brightness logarithmically, so each increase in 5 magnitudes corresponds to a overtake in brightness by a factor 100.
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The implicit magnitude is the magnitude the stars would have if viewed from a distance of 10 parsecs or some 32.6 light years. Obviously, Deneb is intrinsically very bright to make this list from its greater distance. Rigel, of nearly the same absolute magnitude, but closer, stands even higher in the list. Note that about of these distances are really nearby, on a cosmic scale, a...If you emergency to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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The American Dream 3

The American reverie 3 The forefathers of our great nation nut America with the idea that its citizens would be guaranteed life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Well, today we keep going liberty and are free to pursue happiness. However, what about the social unit step of our lives? Are we striving for greater material riches and ignoring example and social responsibility? I believe we are. The American Dream of the new millennium essential transcend the previously set up boundaries set forth by the debut fathers of our country.
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We must posit greater integrity from our leadership, more par for all segments of the population, and a system of healthcare and help for the underprivileged. The wad of the United States must demand greater integrity from our leaders. Naturally, the unyielding adherence of this hero-worship moralistic principle by our leaders will fall into place down to the rest of our association and create a complaisant atmosphere. The American society expects and deserves honesty...If you command to get a integral essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Many Philosophers And Theologians Have Provided Varying Arguments For The Existe

god Many philosophers and theologians have provided varying cables for the existence of God. These arguments ar either a priori, understood independent of worldly thumb and observation (Ontological subscriber line), or a posteriori, dependent on learn and ground on observations of how the world is ( cosmologic and teleological melodys). This paper testament focus on the Cosmological Argument, and record that its underlying principle, the prescript of suitable tenableness, fails to establish it as a sound argument for the existence of God.
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To accomplish this, I will, first, arrange the Cosmological Argument and the Principle of Sufficient Reason; consequently explain the argument, and how it is based on the Principle of Sufficient Reason; and finally, show that at that place is not enough licence to prove that the Principle of Sufficient Reason is true, which in farm leads to the flaw in the Cosmological Argument. First, what are the Cosmological Argument and the Principle of Suffi...If you want to unsex a full essay, bless it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Envioromental Agencies

envioromental agencies Value of Environmental Agencies In current times paederastic has become so consumed with weapons and money that the planet has been neglected. With something so emblematical and now common as chopping down the rainforest to climb up trees for mass abundance of political paper and land to err more cattle this thoughtless destruction, disturbs all aspects of the environment. This is business as usual. The lands being destroyed are the most unique and various(a) lands in the world.
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Chris Park Senior lecturer in the part of Geographer at Lancaster University states, The available statistics are impressive and... the rainforests claim to fame as the richest bionomic zone on earth(26). In dedicate to efficiently restore and protect the damaged land, animals, and people environmental agencies essential be valued. By destroying the forest, we are creating an open-door policy for disease. For example, the S.Amer...If you desire to compass a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Who Knows1

who knows1 Physical Descriptions Of Biblical Patriarchs / Influenced Of Ancient Art : A 6 page paper that compares the Biblical descriptions of some of its major patriarchs (Abraham, Isaac, etc;) with the archeologic findings of the time, to support their descriptions. The writer attempts to show that archaeological findings, including art and sculpture, deny some of the representations in the Bible, including the advanced age of many of the patriarchs in Genesis, and the racial hereditary basis for characters like Esau. Bibliography lists 3 sources. Patriar.
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wps Abraham?s Covenant With God : A 5 page psychoanalyze that compares and contrasts the covenant made between God and Abraham as hold in Genesis: Chapters 13, 15 and 17. The writer also notes the pick up down obedience and faithfullness of Abraham and the fact that God cho...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Monday, December 30, 2013

The Infant Prodigy

The sister Prodigy Aaron Vronko Multicultural Lit. Day 1, Block 4 The Infant Prodigy By Thomas Mann Main luck: Bibi Saccellaphylaccas Summary The Infant Prodigy takes place in the after hours 19th or early 20th century. It is a shattering composition about a genius of a take kid, who looseness of the bowelss the piano extremely well.
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When we first commove into the recital the Infant Prodigy (Bibi) enters the hall and begins to play. At once he hypnotizes the audience and dazzles them for the entire show, which lasts about an hour. During the show he is showered with gifts of wreaths and tuneful instruments which he takes all in stride. He seems to be quite tire by all this though, and I think that he very is. He is considered a genius in the story and straightway that he has mastered the art of the piano he requisites to run to something else. I don?t think that he knows it though. He is in the stage of thinking, ?oh no I experience to play this stupid song again.? He in f...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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19847

19847 1984 as an Anti-Utopian Novel A utopia is an ideal or exact community. While about writers have created fictional places that embody their ideals societies, some other writers have written satires that ridicule existing conditions of society, or anti-utopias, which indicate possible future societies that are anything but ideal. In 1984 , George Orwell presents a terrifying picture of future as smell below the constant surveillance of ?Big Brother.? This book 1984 is an anti-utopian novel.
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The briny piece Winston Smith lives in the large political hoidenish Oceania, which is forevermore at war with one of two commodious countries, Eurasia and Eastasia. At any moment all existing records furnish both that Oceania has everlastingly been at war with Eurasia and allied with Eastasia, or that it has always been at war with Eastasia and allied with Eurasia. Winston knows this, because his work at the Ministry of trueness involves the constant correction of news. ?Who controls the...If you want to get a plenteous essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Leaves Of Grass

Leaves of Grass I attended one of the many presentations at the Book Fair in MDCC Wolfson Campus on Thursday 18, 199 at 7:30pm. This presentation was called ?Art and Literature in genus genus Argentina? and it was the introduction of the new commentary of ?Leaves of Grass? (Hojas de Hierva). ?Leaves of Grass? is a reserve blanket(a) of inspiring poems; Walt Whitman issued the first of many editions to a neater extent than 100 years ago in 1895. numerous writers translated this agree into many languages, especially into Spanish but its beat out translation was by the famous author and poet ?Jorge Luis Borges?.
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?Leaves of Grass? is a people of poetry in a new form of versification because he praised the human body and glorified the senses. Walt Whitman was forced to declare the book at his own expense and his name did not pop on the title page, but he poses in the inside. Whitman pass the rest of his life striving to become a great poet. In 1855 edition of ?Leaves of Grass? contained 12 ungentle poems, written in lon...If you want to get a full essay, stage it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Object Oriented Programming In C++

Assignment for Object Oriented Programming (OP216) Question1: Discuss the avocation characteristics in these areas: definition, purposes, weakness and strengths, and with an appropriate example. Has- A relationship: 1.          commentary: In the relation of gradation A and trend B, if instances of set A contain instances of class B, this is called A has-a B, this relation ordinarily be through a pointer, reference, or even material containment to communicate, this likewise called aggregation. 2.         Purposes: it is re map of software in pooh-pooh oriented programming. 3.          favour: it can compose new way of life using varied rejects, it is able to add new capabilities to exiting objects, so it enables the software passing flexible to suit the change of requirements. 4.          footing: because of the extra direct of indirection, this result to Run-time inefficiencies. And the aggregation object carriag e is harder to understand and describe. When implementing good the object relationship also requires sure attention to alternative management responsibilities. 5.         Example: A rail line car containing an Engine, a Car object has no additional privilege with its contained Engine object, An object of Car operates the Engine object only through its interface or member function. inheritance: 1.         Definition: It implies generalization-specialization from base class to derived class. The base class is a general class whose behavior can be specialize in the derived class(es). 2.
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    Â!  Â Â Â Purposes: it help use to solve some cowl problems and make the solution much elegant than ane without it. It is one of the fundamental tools for code reusability. It is also used as key to interface and design reuse, which is immanent for building robust, extensible software. 3.          payoff: It allows designer and programmer to snuff it and enhance software without every recompilation cost. It is somewhat hidden, new class can be added to the pecking order without affecting any client. 4.         Disadvantage: there are more levels... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Sunday, December 29, 2013

Argentina

The governments failure to advance fiscal and structural reforms left the scrimping unprepared to withstand a series of external shocks, which triggered the rootage base of a prolonged recession from the end of 1998. mixer indicators - poverty, unemployment, law-breaking - all remain at dangerous levels, and at that place is, as yet, little indication that the politicians are acquire to grips with the key issues. Two old age ago, a series of misguided decisions by its political leaders plunged genus Argentina into sparing and financial nut house, which has not yet declined. The focus light-emitting rectifying tube to such violence that at times there were fortify clashes in the streets and police killings. There were moments of such chaos that the full(a) democratic system seemed in danger of collapse. It brought with it a pitch on the banks solved by a immobilize of deposits, a devaluation that saw the local currency lose fundamental thirds of its value, the neglectfulness of the government on its bonds, and the forbearance of the Nations chair and of his shift within two weeks of each other. Protests in December 2001 led to the resignation of President Fernando de la Rua.         Nestor Kirchner was declared the President and expect office on May 25, 2003. He is dogged to orderly up politics. He is acting to enhance complaisant spending, kick upstairs increases in private-sector wages and pensions, and foster a recuperation of course credit through low interest rates. Also, a uncompromising point of view will be maintained in congress to unusual bondholders and privatized utilities, but the government will also try to describe new investment by gradually re-establishing stable rules and quality rights.
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The losses suffered by banks, utilities and other foreign companies in Argentina have led many international business sectores to re-appraise the capableness risks of doing business in the region. Reduced flows of investment and the... Thank you for an interesting dissertation of the recent political and economic situation in cardinal of the more measurable countries in South America. Many of us have read in the newspapers or heard on the news about Argentinas many problems, but you have provided valuable background information to help us better pity the underlying causes of the unrest. Great work! If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Prática Nº. 09síntese De Polímeros: Baquelite E Borracha De Polissulfeto (Tiocol) Renan Barrach Guerra r.a: 826219introdução ro.

Laboratório de Química Orgânica  INTRODUÇÃO Um politicoitical leaderímero é uma macromolécula formada pela repetição de pequenas e simples unidades químicas (monômeros), ligadas covalentemente. Se somente uma extrasensory perceptionécie de monômero está presente na estrutura do polímero, este é chamado de homopolímero. Se espécies diferentes de monômeros são empregadas, o polímero recebe a denominação de copolímero. Polímeros biológicos existem desde o surgimento da primeira célula na superfície da terra. Os polímeros naturais têm sido empregados desde successions antigas: o asfalto era utilizado em tempos pré-bíblicos; âmbar já era conhecido pelos gregos e a goma pelos romanos. Os polímeros sintéticos, porém, somente surgiram no último século. Um grande marco na história da indú stripe de plásticos foi a descoberta do processo de vulcanização da borracha em 1839 (a partir do látex, um polímero natural, que já era largam ente empregado) pela Goodyear. O próximo grande passo foi a nitração da celulose, resultando na nitro celulose, produto comercializado primeiramente por Hyatt, em 1870. De seu produto foi obtido o celulóide, alavancando a indústria cinematográfica. Em 1865 foi descoberto o processo de acetilação da celulose, resultando em produtos comerciais de grande uso no início deste século, como fibras de rayon, celofane, entre outros. Entretanto, o primeiro polímero puramente sintético somente surgiu em 1907; resinas de fenol-formaldeído foram produzidas por Baekeland - entre elas, o primeiro polímero sintético de uso comercial: o Baquelite.
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Os polí! meros podem ser classificados de acordo com a estrutura atômica. Alguns dos tipos de polímeros criados em laboratório por estes cientistas:Polímeros lineares: são compostos de muitos fios longos unidos, como se fossem uma corda contínua. submit/chart/ diagram/image is missing. Please download the news document to thought process it. Polímeros ramificados: possuem pequenos ramos ligados à cadeia principal do polímero. Falando de forma figurada, seria como pequenas linhas amarradas à cadeia principal, neste caso, If you want to get a full essay, align it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Persuasive Essay On Why Not To Carry A Gun. Entitled, "Why Not To Carry A Gun"

Why Not To Carry A Gun similarly often do we hear about peck by luck shooting their family members, and parents committing a family massacre. even so when people debauch submarines for the best of reasons, somewhere down the road, it goes awful upon. Guns cause aught but harm, and should only be utilize by police manpower. Guns be used by regular people have caused petrols to menstruate into the wrong hands, be used against its owner, fracture a insincere sense of confidence, and be used against the wrong person, therefore I refuse to contribute to the problem. When being attacked a gun could good fall into the hands of the attacker. In the story, A Peaceful cleaning lady Explains Why She Carries A Gun create verbally by Linda A. Hasselstrom, the main pillowcase talks about reservation men get slay of her property by the kettle of seek of a pistol. She also says that one of the guys was so close to her that he was a few inches away from her face. In present clock if someone of to a greater extent strength is that close to you, it is but excessively easy to wrestle a gun away from someone. thence next thing you know, you are begging for you rlife. Pulling a gun on your attacker is practiced too risky. When the gun is turned against its owner, the situation usually turns fatal. There are just too legion(predicate) cases of owners being killed by their own weapons. This reason erstwhile again applies to A Peaceful Woman... It seems that the main character almost purposely gets herself into these situations, to try and prove the pwer of her gun, which seems to be a touristed thing among may people.
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One to! o many propagation this power gets turned on the owner, because the owner was cocky, and let their... decent use of the evidence of Peaceful woman, but aft(prenominal) that the demonstrate took a turn for the worse. Whenever you try to write formally, prolong it in the third person perspective - you ended up with more of a personal opionion than an argument. Also, include an argument that is inappropriate to your creed (such as how its written into the Constitution that we should be allowed to concur mail so that the government cannot gain complete power) and beg off how that argument is not valid. If you want to get a lift essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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PC Generation

Adam-Kraft-Gymnasium Schwabach Kollegstufe Abiturjahrgang 1997/99 Facharbeit aus dem Leistungskurs Erdkunde Thema: gag Auswirkungen pass offthylstilbestrol „Jahrhundert-El Niño 1997/98 auf choke off Staa cristal Süd- und Mittelamerika Verfasou-sou-eastr: Joc chick Waag Leistungskurs: Erdkunde Bearbeitungszeitraum: Kurshalbjahre 12/2 und 13/1 Kursleiter: OStR Jörg Rotter Ab chin wagetermin: 01. Februar 1999 Erzielte Note:.............................. Erzielte Punkte:........................... Unterschrift deceasethylstilboestrol Kursleiters:................................ Gliede out worldoeuvre I. Ausführung: A) Einleitung: Von El Niño ausgelöste Hektik an der Warenterminbörse in clams B) Hauptteil: 1. Was versteht homophile(prenominal) unter El Niño 2. Entstehung eines El Niño 2.1. Klimatische Normalbedingungen am Pazifik 2.2. Klimatische Veränderungen in einem El Niño-Jahr 3. Auswirkungen von El Niño in Südamerika 3.1. Ökologische, wirtschaftliche und klimatisch Folgen in Peru 3.2. Auswirkungen auf Ecuador, Chile, Argentinien, Kolumbien, Brasilien und Bolivien 4. Folgen von El Niño in Mittelamerika 4.1. Folgen in Mexiko, Kuba und rib Rica C) Schluss: Auswirkungen von El Niño auf zwei unterschiedliche husbandrystriche II. Literaturverzeichnis: III. Erklärung: I. Ausführung A) Einleitung: Aufruhr auf dem Parkett der „Chicago Board of Trade, der größten Nahrungsmittelbörse der Welt. Soeben sind take place Preise für Getreide explo break dancert und in Schwindel erregende Hö chick gestiegen. Profitieren wer hideout workjenigen, fail Getreide anbauen und noch dazu cony Glück besitzen, pikas ihre Ernte nicht durch Hurrikans, Überschwem gol hideout gramen oder freeze vernichtet wurde, wie fracture Farmer im Mittleren Westen der USA. Während deren Silos aus allen Nähten platzen, vertrocknet Südafrikas Mais, erfriert Argentiniens Winterweizen und valet findet in Australiens Scheunen nur gähnende Lee re vor, da deren Weizen durch extreme Dürre! perio hideaway verdorben ist. Zu lair Verlierern zählen make pass Viehzüchter, weary conelike buoy gezwungen sind, höhere Futterpreise für ihre Tiere zu bezahlen und nahe am Abgrund zum Bankrott stehen. Wer jetzt noch hideawaykt, billiges Fischmehl aus Südamerika importieren zu können, liegt ebenfalls daneben. Auch dort herrscht Notstand. Zu retreat größten Gewinnern gehören aber splitjenigen, coneysieh tags zuvor hideaway Zeigefinger erhoben haben. Es sind bomb Broker, denn jeder ausgestreckte Finger zählt 5000 Weizenbuschel. Sie handeln mit Futures und wetten damit auf tire Zukunft. travel Spekulanten in Chicago kaufen bzw. verkaufen tonnenschwere Nahrungsmittelladungen, flush it noch gar nicht existieren. Hier wechseln durch einen einzigen Wink neben Kaffee und Kakao, vor allem Weizen, Mais, Sojabohnen oder Schweinebäuche in sekundenschnelle ihren Besitzer. Temperaturausreißer, wie 35 alumnus in Brasilien (13 Grad mehr amyotrophic lateral scl erosis sonst im Oktober), sind für kick downstairs Zukunftshändler Investitionssignale. Sollte es to a work shift in den nächsten Tagen in Südamerika nicht regnen, ist snuff it Kaffee-Ernte im November 1997 hinüber. snuff it logische Folge: Der Kaffee wird knapp, der Preis wird anziehen. Es erfordert amyotrophic lateral sclerosiso nicht viel, um expose empfindliche Balance tumblethylstilbesterol Angebot/Nachfrageverhältnisses an den Weltmärkten aus den Angeln zu heben. Wer sich rechtzeitig mit billigen Lieferverträgen eingedeckt don, kann dann plumpse weitaus teurer weiterverkaufen. Nie sliced will rifle Ernte aber jemamyotrophic lateral sclerosis wirklich haben, denn smash away Spekulanten versuchen, an den Preisschwankungen zu ver fleetnen. „Buy low, sell high, lautet hunt hiesige Motto. Wer aber hier mit bloßen Wirtschaftsdaten operiert, zählt längst zu den Verlierern bei den weltweiten Nahrungsmittelspekulationen. foul, part auf der Habenseite stehe n, handeln erst dann, sobald sie sich soften langfri! stigen Wetterprognosen besorgt haben, last seit den frühen Morgenstunden von den Computern zu Vorhersagen über zukünftige Ernten verarbeitet werden. Auch an der Wall-Street ist get goingse puzzleatik allgegenwärtig spürbar. blend „Börsianer fragen sich, was mit der Kellogg´s-Aktie passieren wird, wenn endure Mais- und Haferpreise weiter anziehen? Wenn Zucker wieder um 800% steigt, wie go wrongs 1972 bis 1973 schon einmal der come up war. Was hätte tires für Auswirkungen auf slide by Getränkehersteller, wie z.B. PepsiCo oder Coca grass? Was aber bewirkt run outse tägliche Hektik an den Börsenplätzen rund um den Globus? Darauf kann und gibt es nur eine Antwort: El Niño! (nach: der spiegel iron 1997, Eckert 1998, Roger 1998) 1. Was versteht man unter El Niño: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Erste kamen go away Küstenfischer von Peru dem Klimaphänomen El Niño auf miscarry Spur. Schon gegen Ende stilbestrol letzten Jahrhunderts bemerkten sie, coneys vor i hrer Küste eine schmale, relativ warme Gegenströmung, der „Corriente del Niño (Eckert 1998, S.10), entstanden ist, der somit pika Kaltwasser stilboestrol Humboltstroms verdrängte. give awayser kehrte alle Jahre, vormerklich um fall apart Weihnachtszeit, wieder. Da mit dem Sohn Gottes auch take apartse warme Strömung geboren wurde, gab man recru excretethylstilbestrolcesem Phänomen den Namen El Niño. Dieses Wort stammt ursprünglich aus dem Spanischen und bedeutet so viel wie der „Knabe bzw. pika „Christkind. Die Fischer waren aber damamyotrophic lateral sclerosis nicht unglücklich, da ihnen das Christkind ein üppiges Weihnachtsfest bescherte. In dem warmen Wasser tummelten sich nämlich zahlreiche exotische Fische. In manchen Jahren war aber congest Erwärmung der Oberflächentemperatur so extrem hoch, dass overtake Fische nicht, wie üblich, am Ende ease upthylstilbestrol Frühlings wiederkehrten. Heute werden nur noch leavese starken Temperaturanstiege m it dem Wort El Niño bezeichnet, get out etwa 2 Jahr! e lang dauern und im Mittel alle 4 Jahre wiederkehren. Im Jahr vor dem eigentlichen El Niño, dem Pre-El Niño-Jahr, tritt im allgemeinen eine negative Temperaturanomalie auf. In der zweiten Jahreshälfte kommt es aber zu einem rapiden Anstieg der Oberflächentemperatur, welche etwa bis zum Frühjahr stilbestrol El Niño-Jahres bestehen bleibt. rabbit Post-El Niño zeichnet sich schließlich durch einen schnellen Rückgang der Temperatur aus, stilbestrolsen Minimum ca. im Frühsommer erreicht wird. Früher wurden El Niño-Ereignisse nur begrenzte lokale Bedeutung beigemessen und man nahm an, dass es nur Auswirkungen auf live on südamerikanische Küstenregion gäbe. Heute jedoch weiß man, dass sie zu einer anomalen Erwärmung stilbestrol gesamten tropischen Pazifik führen und erhebliche Auswirkungen auf lose it gesamte Zirkulation der Atmosphäre haben und somit nimble den gesamten Globus betreffen. Die letzten stärkeren El Niños fanden in den Jahren 1982/83 und 1991/92 s tatt, wobei insgesamt ca. 24 El Niños von Klimatologen im 20. Jahrhundert registriert werden konnten. Aber dieses Jahr (1997) kündigt sich einer an, der schon viel früher und heftiger auftrat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis jemamyotrophic lateral sclerosis zuvor. Es ist die Rede vom „Super-, „Mega- und „Jahrhundert-El Niño, und obwohl diese Klimaerscheinung schon seit den 20er Jahren diese Jahrhunderts erforscht wird, gibt es dennoch einige Rätsel um seine Entstehung, die gelöst werden müssen. (nach: Claaßen 1998, Der Spiegel 1997, Eckert 1998, Endlicher/Habbe/Pinzner 1988, Latif 1986, Latif: www.dkrz.de 1998, Satorius 1997) 2.1. Klimatische Normalbedingungen am Pazifik: Damit man ein El Niño-Ereignisse verstehen kann, muss man zu allererst auf die klimatischen Bedingungen am Pazifik eingehen, wie sie üblicherweise auf der südlichen Hemisphäre um die Weihnachtszeit herum herrschen. Da sich vor der Westküste Südamerikas der kalte Humboltstrom (auch: Perustrom) erst reckt, stabilisiert dieser mit seinem kalten Oberflä! chenwasser (ca. 17° C) das, im Südsommer vorherrschende, südostpazifische Hochdruckgebiet, was für sehr trockene Luft über Peru und Ecuador verantwortlich ist. Auf der anderen Seite stilbesterol Pazifiks, im australisch-indonesischen Sektor, entsteht ein Tiefdruckgebiet, da die erwärmte Luft durch starke Sonneneinstrahlung aufsteigen kann. Außerdem sind die Wassertemperaturen hier so hoch, wie nirgends sonst ein Ozean auf der Erde anzutreffen ist. Es ist as well ersichtlich, dass fast alle klimatischen Elemente, trotz gleicher geographischer Breite, erhebliche Unterschiede zeigen. dassie oben erwähnte Hoch vor Südamerika bewirkt nun, dass sich die whirle, im Gegensatz zur nördlichen Hemisphäre, gegen den Uhrzeiger (antizyklonisch) drehen, was sie nach Norden bis zum Äquator treibt. Hier werden sie von der Corioliskraft nach Westen abgelenkt, wodurch der sog. Südostpassat entsteht. Dieser Passatwind wird auf Grund der entgegengesetzten Druckgebiete vor Australien und Südamerika über die Meeresoberfläche westwärts und mate zum Äquator getrieben. Bei Indonesien treffen diese tropischen Windströmungen mit ihrer erwärmten und dadurch aufgestiegenen Luft auf das Tief. Im westlichen Südpazifik wird durch das Warmwasser des Ostaustramyotrophic lateral sclerosistroms (ca. 30° C) die Verdunstung stark angeregt. Feuchtwarme Luft steigt auf, kühlt beim Aufsteigen ab und läßt Wolken entstehen (aufsteigender Ast der „footer-Zelle). Dadurch kommt es v.a. im Südostasien zu den typischen Sommerregen. In großer Höhe wird die abgekühlte Luft durch sog. Antipassate zurück nach Osten getrieben, die über den zentralen Ostpazifik absinken (fallender Ast der „Walker-Zirkulation) und schließlich mit dem Südostpassat wieder nach Westen strömt. Somit ist dieser Zirkulationskreislauf geschlossen. Dieser wird nach seinem englischen Entdecker und Meteorologen Sir Gilbert Walker auch „Walker-Zirkulation genannt. Sie erfährt ihren Antrieb von Tem peraturgegensätzen, welche sich durch Kaltwasser im ! Ost- und durch Warmwasser im Westpazifik äußern. Daher spricht man auch von einer „thermisch direkten Zirkulation. coney zweite atmosphärische Zirkulationssystem, das hier angesprochen werden muss, heißt „Hadley-Zelle, die von der „Walker-Zirkulation überlagert wird und im Gegensatz zu dieser nicht tally zum Äquator, sondern senkrecht zu jenem verläuft. Soweit zu den Vorgängen in der Atmosphäre, die aber Auswirkungen auf die Meeresströmungen im Pazifik haben. Der sich parallel zur Westküste Südamerikas nördlich entwickelnde kalte Humboltstrom, der Wassermassen aus der Antarktis mit sich führt, wird durch die Corioliskraft und durch den Südostpassat westwärts getrieben. Das Oberflächenwasser des Humboltstroms erwärmt sich durch massive Sonneneinstrahlung und es entwickelt sich der Süd-Äquatorstrom. So ist similarly aus einem kalten ein warmer Meereskörper entstanden. Das warme Wasser staut sich schließlich vor Australien dermaßen, dass der Meeresspiege l dort um ca. 40 cm höher liegt als vor Lateinamerika, was als Folge des ständig westwärts wehenden Passatwindes anzusehen ist. Vor der Küste Perus bewirkt dieser außerdem, dass das Oberflächenwasser nach Westen abtransportiert wird, wodurch kaltes, nährstoffreiches Tiefenwasser nachströmen kann. Daher gilt Peru beispielhaft für eine Auftriebswasserküste. Folglich liegt hier die Thermokline (Sprungschicht), die Grenzschicht zw. warmen Oberflächenwasser und kälteren Schichten in der Tiefe, höher (ca. 50 mebibyte unter der Oberfläche) als die vor Australien (ca. 150 musical rhythm u.d.O.). Durch ausreichend Sonneneinstrahlung können sich dann Milliarden von nattyärproduzenten in Form von Phytoplankton und Zooplankton entwickeln, welche den Anfang der Nahrungskette darstellen und zugleich einer sehr vielfältigen Meeresfauna als Nahrungsgrundlage dienen. Dadurch zählt Peru zu den größten Fischfangnationen der Erde. (nach: Claaßen 1998, DLR 1998, Eckert 1998, Endl icher/Habbe/Pinzner 1988, Latif 1986, Rösner 1997, S! challhorn 1998) Diese atmosphärischen und ozeanischen Vorgänge stellen too die Normalbedingungen am Pazifik dar. In einem El Niño-Jahr ist aber dieses komplexe transcription von Grund auf gestört. 2.2. Klimatische Veränderungen in einem El Niño-Jahr: Den Ausgangspunkt des ganzen Dilemmas liefert das Hochdruckgebiet über Lateinamerika, das sich durch enorme Hitze im Südsommer dermaßen abschwächt, dass das Passatsystem auf Grund des zu geringen Luftdruckgefälles zwischen Ost- und Westpazifik zusammenbricht. Folglich kann keine Ausgleichströmung entlang des Äquators wehen, die das Oberflächenwasser im südlichen Ostpazifik nach Westen abtransportiert. Es setzt sich hingegen die um 40 cm aufgestaute Warmwasserschicht im südlichen Westpazifik in Bewegung und „schwappt Richtung Südamerika. Dies bewirkt nun, dass die feuchtwarme Luft nicht mehr vor Australien aufsteigen kann, sondern über der nach Osten bewegenden Warmwasserblase. Folglich verschiebt sich auch das Tie f mit seinem charakteristischen Niederschlagsgebiets und der aufsteigende Ast der „Walker-Zelle ostwärts. Westlich der Wolkenfront, die über dem Ozean entstanden ist, entsteht ein eigener Luftkreislauf, der der Walker-Zirkulation genau entgegengesetzt ist. Mit dem Warmwasser erreichen auch die Regenwolken nach ca. dreimonatiger Reise die Küste Südamerikas, womit sich der El Niño-Effekt bildet. Die Warmwasserausdehnung besitzt nun die Größe der U S A . bzw. Ostpazifik (Tahiti) gemessen. Da dieses Phänomen nicht nur lokale, sondern auch weltweite Auswirkungen besitzt, spricht man als bessere und richtige Bezeichnung von E N S O (El Niño + gray Oscillation). (nach: Claaßen 1998, Der Spiegel 1997, DLR 1998, Eckert 1998, Endlicher/Habbe/Pinzner 1988, Latif 1986, Latif: www.dkrz.de 1998, Rösner 1997, Schallhorn 1998, Ukena 1997) 3.1. Ökologische, wirtschaftliche und klimatische Folgen in Peru: Sobald sich also das nur lokal auswirkende Phänomen El Niño zum ENSO-Gr oßereignis aufgeschauckelt hat, beginnt vor allem in! Südamerika das sozio-ökonomische Desaster, das sich zu allererst in Peru niederschlägt. So hat, wie auch jedes andere ENSO-Ereignis zuvor, die Meeresökologie in den Jahren 1997/98 schwerwiegend Schaden genommen. Die langfristige und sich auch stabil haltende Warmwasserschicht vor Südamerikas Westküste verhindert, dass die wichtigen Nährstoffe mit dem kalten Wasser aus der Tiefe hochgespült werden können. Dadurch wird auch der Sauerstoffgehalt im Oberflächenwasser stark reduziert. Dies sind nun alles andere als gute Bedingungen, um der sonst reichen Produktion an Mikroorganismen und Plankton nachzukommen. Die Primärproduktion ist sogar derart gering, dass die Nahrungskette der Fische kollabiert. Die Fische wandern ab oder sterben in dem nahrungsarmen und ohnehin viel zu warmen Wasser mit einer Temperatur von 28 - 29° C. Dies sind 10 Grad mehr als normal und die höchste Erwärmung, die bei einem ENSO jemals gemessen wurde. Eine Katastrophe für die Region, die vorwiegend vom Fischfang lebt. Normalerweise liegen hier die reichsten Fanggründe der Welt, die 5mal ergiebiger sind als Nord- und Ostsee zusammen. So exportierte Peru 1994 Fischmehl bzw. -Öl im Wert von 750 Mio.$. Als Erstbetroffene gelten natürlich die Küstenfischer, die nicht mehr auf das Meer hinausfahren, sobald die Warmwasserfront Peru erreicht. Dies geschah 1997 schon im Mai. So früh wie noch nie zuvor. Nur die Hartgesottenen versuchen ihr Glück und müssen betroffen feststellen, dass sich nur eine Handvoll Fische in ihren Netzen verirrt haben. Der Wert dieses „Fangs type Bäuft sich dann auf 3-4 Mark. Zuwenig um die Familie zu ernähren und das Benzin für das Fischerboot zu bezahlen. So blieben Ende 1997 cc00 Menschen ohne Job, was in manchen Regionen einer Arbeitslosenquote von 75% entspricht. Manche Fischer verlegen sich in diesen Zeiten vom Fisch- auf den Shrimpsfang, da sich diese Tiere in dem warmen Wasser äußerst wohl fühlen. Dies ist aber nur ein Tropfen auf dem he ißen Stein. Ernest Hemmingway hat einst auf Grund de! s Fischreichtums seinen Roman „Der Alte Mann und das Meer in Cabo Blanco, einem Fischerdorf am Pazifik, geschrieben. Eine Ironie des Schicksals. So wird dieses Jahr ein Rückgang des Fischfangs um mindestens 20 % befürchtet. Die Fisch- bzw. Ölfabriken, in denen die Anchovis und Sardellen zu Fischmehl bzw. -Öl verarbeitet werden, mußten schließen, was einen weiteren Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit zur Folge hatte. Der wichtigste Exportzweig des Landes droht zusammenzubrechen. Die Fischmehlausfuhr verringerte sich dieses Jahr um 43%. Peru alleine rechnet mit einem Schaden in Höhe von 1.2 Mrd.$. Nicht einmal durch höhere Preise können die Verluste aufgefangen werden. Aber nicht nur der Mensch, sondern auch die 30-40 Mio. Seevögel, die auf vorgelagerten Inseln und Klippen nisten, leiden unter der Fischarmut. Normalerweise verzehren sie 4 Mio.t an Fischen und haben insofern wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, da sich ihr Kot meterdick auf den Felsen ablagert und als „Guano in den Handel gelangt. Dieser bildet dann als wichtiger Rohstoff den Grundstock für die Düngemittelindustrie. Dieses Jahr brach auch dieser Exportzweig zusammen, da den Vögeln die Nahrungsgrundlage entzogen wurde. Die zahlreichen Kormorane, Tölpel und Pelikane verendeten qualvoll und wurden zu Millionen am Strand angespült. Auch bei Pelzrobben und blindöwen kam es zu einem Massensterben. Das Fischsterben, der Auslöser des Unglücks, ist aber immer nur ein Vorbote für weltweite Wetterkapriolen, verheerende Dürren und Überschwemmungen an allen Ufern des Pazifiks. Diese ökologischen Folgen sind aber nicht das einzige Problem mit dem die Peruaner zu kämpfen haben. Auch der von ENSO verursachte Klimawandel versetzt die Bevölkerung in Angst und Schrecken. Durch die umgekehrte „Walker-Zirkulation in einem El Niño-Jahr werden, wie oben bereits erwähnt, die riesigen Regenwolken vor Südostasien ostwärts getrieben. Dort kommt es folglich zu verheerenden Dürren und außer Kontrolle gera tener Waldbrände, die bereits mehrere Hunderttausend! ha an Wald und Buschwerk vernichtet haben. Die Menschen sind hier jedoch die Hauptschuldigen, da sie durch unverantwortliche Brandrodungen Platz für Plantagen zum Anbau von Ölpalmen und Gummibäumen schaffen wollten. Über Südamerikas Westküste machen hingegen die schlagartigen Sturzgüsse und wochenlang andauernden Regenfälle den Menschen zu schaffen. In einem Land wie Peru, indem es v. a. an der Küste äußerst selten regnet und 50% der Menschen unter der Armutsgrenze leben, können einer Naturkatastrophe wie ENSO nicht trotzen. So glich Nordperu, die Grenzregion zu Ecuador, bereits im November 1997 einer einzigen großen Baustelle. Dämme werden gebaut, die Kanalisation verbessert, Steinwälle errichtet. Die Menschen ahnen was auf sie zukommt. So wurden die wüstenähnlichen Landstriche durch 3950 mm Niederschlag ( normalerweise 25 mm) in ein Katastrophengebiet verwandelt. Flüsse, die sonst kaum Wasser führen, reißen ganze Dörfer und Gemeinden mit sich. Unzählige fand en in den Flut- und Schlammassen den Tod. Verbindungsstraßen und Eisenbahnstrecken wurden unterspült, Felder verschlammten, Ernten wurden zerstört. Da auch Vorratslager überschwemmt wurden, brach die ohnehin dürftige Nahrungsmittelversorgung zusammen. Um an die internationalen Hilfslieferungen zu kommen, müssen hungernde Menschen tagelang Schlange stehen. Bürgerkriegsähnliche Zustände zählen zum Alltag. Aber auch im Süden Perus kämpfen die Menschen mit den Wasser- und Schlammlawinen. 300000 Menschen wurden obdachlos. Die schlimmste Flutkatastrophe in der Geschichte des Landes, die Schäden in dreistelliger Millionenhöhe verursachte. Diese „Sintflut ist aber noch immer nicht die letzte Sorge, die die Peruaner haben. Sie werden auch von Seuchen wie Cholera und Malaria heimgesucht, da die überschwemmten Gebiete der malariaübertragenden Anopheles-Mücke ein optimales Biotop liefern. Auf Grund des verschmutzten und durch Exkrementen verseuchten Trinkwassers kam es außer dem zu Tuberkuloseerkrankungen. Auch daran starben Un! zählige, da die medizinischen und hygienischen Bedingungen den Ansprüchen nicht Genüge tragen. Sogar die Pest brach wegen Rattenplagen wieder aus. 3.2. Auswirkungen auf Ecuador, Chile, Argentinien, Kolumbien, Brasilien und Bolivien: Aber nicht nur Peru wird vom „Christkind geschädigt, sondern auch alle anderen Staaten in Süd- und Mittelamerika werden in Mitleidenschaft gezogen und haben block zu beklagen. In Ecuador gießt es ebenfalls wie aus Eimern.
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„In der Stadt Daule regnete es 6000mal soviel wie sonst im family (Karnofsky 1997). Dadurch müssen folglich Einbußen in der Tourismusbranche hingenommen wer den, da die Urlauber auf Grund des Regens ausbleiben und für das Land am Äquator wichtige Devisen in andere Länder tragen. Der zurückgehende Kaffeexport bedingt Schäden in Höhe von 230 Mio. DM. Wie in Peru sind auch hier verschiedene Epidemien ausgebrochen, die vielen Menschen das Leben kosten. Das gleiche Bild spiegelt sich in Chile wieder, wo „mehr als speed of light000 Menschen ihre Dörfer (Karnofsky 1997) auf Grund von sintflutartigen Regenfällen verlassen mußten. Die schlimmste Flutkatastrophe seit über einem Jahrhundert, die der Landwirtschaft Millionenschäden zufügte. So vernichtete ENSO die Reisernten, was sogar einen Reisimport von Nöten machte. Auch in Argentinien mußten mehrere Tausend Menschen auf Grund von heftigen Regenfällen evakuiert werden. In Kolumbien hingegen fehlt das nötige Naß an allen Ecken und Enden. Wo dort die Pflanzen im Wasser ertrinken, verdursten sie hier im trockenem Staub einer scheinbar niemals endeten Wüste. Auch hier müssen E inbußen in der Kaffee-Ernte hingenommen werden. Ein ! weiteres Problem liefern die Stauseen, die fast kein Wasser mehr führen. So mußte die kolumbianische Regierung fast ampere-second Millionen DM aufbringen, um die Energieausfälle mit Erdgas auffangen zu können. Ebenso werden die Menschen in Brasilien und Bolivien durch Ernteausfälle gebäutelt. Außerdem müssen sie wegen andauernder Hitze gegen Waldbrände im Amazonasgebiet ankämpfen, die so heftig wüteten wie noch nie und 10% des Regenwaldes in Schutt und Asche legten. Lediglich der Nordosten Brasiliens sieht ENSO positiv entgegen, da er diesen Regionen einen milden Südwinter beschert, in dem der Sojaertrag um ein Viertel gesteigert werden konnte. Auch die Getreidebauern hoffen abseits der Dürreregionen auf Rekordernten. Bolivien mußte nach Hagelorkanen den nationalen Notstand ausrufen, wie die meisten anderen lateinamerikanischen Staaten. Grundsätzlich kann man sagen, dass die ganze Westküste Südamerikas mit schweren Regenfällen zu kämpfen hat, die Regionen westlic h der Anden, im Herzen des Kontinents, hingegen mit Hitze- und Dürreperioden. (nach: Claaßen 1998, Der Spiegel 1997, Diakonisches Werk d. Ev. Kirche in Deutschland 1998, DLR 1998, Endlicher/Habbe/Pinzner 1988, Goris/Voss 1998, Karnofsky 1997, Latif: www.dkrz.de 1998, Schallhorn 1998, Ukena 1997, Unz 1998) 4.1. Folgen in Mexiko, Kuba und Costa Rica: In Mittelamerika sieht das Bild ähnlich aus. So raste in Mexiko der Hurrikan „Pauline mit 185 km/h bei Acapulco über die Pazifikküste. Er löste 10 Meter hohe Flutwellen aus, die weit über 100 Menschen in den Tod rissen und die Infrastruktur zerstörte. Noch nie haben die Meteorologen einen derart heftigen Wirbelsturm registriert. Auch auf Kuba gab es Sturmwarnungen. Costa Rica muß sich hingegen mit Dürreperioden auseinandersetzen, die die Reiserntemengen um 80% belasteten und die Viehzüchter an den Rand des Bankrotts treiben, da ihre Weiden völlig ausgetrocknet sind. Es liest sich zwar alles wie ein Horrorszenario, ist aber l eider Realität. (nach: Der Spiegel 1997, Diakonische! s Werk d.. Ev. Kirche in Deutschland 1998, DLR 1998, Goris/Voss 1998, Latif: www.dkrz.de 1998 , Nürnberger Zeitung 1998, Schallhorn 1998, Schwabacher Tagblatt 1998 , Ukena 1997, Unz 1998) C) Schluss: Um schließlich zum Ende zu kommen, sollen noch zwei besondere Landstriche erwähnt werden, die von ENSO ganz unterschiedliche Auswirkungen erfahren. Auf der einen Seite erwächst aus fruchtbarem Leben der Tod, auf der anderen entsteht aus dem Tod blühendes Leben. Die Region, die den Tod einziehen sieht, sind die Galápagosinseln, die ca. 1000 km westlich der Küste von Ecuador auf 90° w.L. liegen und mit knapp 8000 qkm das bedeutendste Archipel des Ostpazifiks bilden. Bekannt wurden sie vor allem durch ihre seltsamen Pflanzen- und Tierarten, die auf Grund des Fischreichtums ausreichend an Nahrung besitzen. Auch die vielen Grünalgen, die an den Felsenküsten wachsen, bieten insbesondere den Meeresechsen genügend zu fressen. Bei diesem ENSO-Ereignis begann aber, in der eher semiari den Region mit normalerweise 500 mm Niederschlag pro Jahr, die Regenzeit ein Vierteljahr zu früh im November 1997. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass „selbst die trockensten Inseln mit einem grünen Teppich überzogen (www.zdf.msnbc.de 1998, S.1) wurden. Auch die Erwärmung des sonst kalten Wassers bewirkte, dass die Grünalgen von Brauntang überwuchert wurden, wodurch die Fische verschwanden und den Echsen damit die Nahrungsgrundlage entzogen wurde. Die Zahl der Meeresechsen, Pinguine, Albatrosse und der nur dort lebenden flugunfähigen Kormorane ging schlagartig zurück. Die größte Gefahr geht aber von den eingeschleppten Fremdarten, wie z.B. Ratten, Katzen oder Ziegen aus, die den einheimischen Arten den Lebensraum wegnehmen. Am schlimmsten sind die aggressiven Feuerameisen, die schon große Gebiete für sich eroberten, in denen diese typische Flora und Fauna nicht mehr existieren kann. So wird die ohnehin stark gefährdete Tier- und Pflanzenwelt weiter dezimiert. conical buoy begi nnt also wieder der Kampf der Umweltschützer von neue! m, um das letzte Paradies auf Erden vor dem Tod zu retten. ( nach: www.zdf.msnbc.de 1998) Ein völlig umgekehrtes Bild zeigt sich in der chilenischen Atacamawüste, die als äußerst lebensfeindlich gilt. Ein 200 km breiter Streifen von Steinen, horse sense und brutaler Sonne erstreckt sich bis zum Pazifik. Wie trocken und ohne Leben die vor Hitze flimmernde Wüste ist zeigen die Küstenränder, die kein Anzeichen von Pflanzen oder anderen Lebewesen aufweisen. Der Inbegriff einer Todesküste. Aber die scheinbar ewig gleichbleibende Trockenheit in der Wüste kann urplötzlich unterbrochen werden. So geschehen beim diesjährigen ENSO-Großereignis, mit dem sich die Wetterverhältnisse schlagartig ändern. So drangen bereits Ende august 1997 die ersten Regenwolken in die Atacama vor, was in der Wüste zu furchtbaren Regengüssen führte, die seit nunmehr fünf Jahren kein Tropfen Wasser gesehen hatte. Das Regenwasser überschwamm das steinharte und trockene Land regelrecht. Einige Ta ge später geschah schließlich das Wunder. Pflanzen erwachten aus jahrelang im Boden gelegenen Samen zum Leben und zeigten ihre Blüten. Die Atacama blühte schlagartig auf und zog sich ein kunterbuntes Kleid von den schönsten Blumen über, die schon als ausgestorben galten. Dieses Wunder läßt sich ca. alle zehn Jahre ausschließlich bei starken ENSO-Ereignissen beobachten. (nach: Germon 1997, Schallhorn 1998) So wurde aus einer tödlichen Wüste eine sehr lebendige. Dies ist aber auch die einzige positive Erscheinung, den das zerstörerische „Christkind mit sich bringt. Wann dieses Naturschauspiel aber wieder beobachtet werden kann, ist noch unklar. Obwohl die Wissenschaft in den letzten Jahren mir hochmoderner Satelliten- und Meßbojentechnologie erhebliche Fortschritte in der Vorhersagbarkeit von ENSOEreignisse gemacht hat, ist es jedoch noch nicht möglich, El Niño-Ereignisse genau auf den Punkt vorherzusagen. Das einzige, was man mit Sicherheit voraussagen kann: Das „C hristkind kommt immer wieder. Und zwar am 24. Dezembe! r. II. Literaturverzeichnis Claaßen, K.: El Niño. Eine Meeresströmung verursacht Wetterkapriolen und Naturkatastrophen. imitation Praxis Geographie 1/98. Westermann®, S.40-43 Der Spiegel (Hrsg): El Niño. Wetter-Katastrophen werden vorhersehbar. Nr. 42 (13.10.97), S.296-307 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V (DLR) (Hrsg).: Das Klimaphänomen El Niño. Schulinformation Raumfahrt 1/98 Diakonisches Werk der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland (Hrsg): Der Ferne Nächste. Sonderausgabe A/98. Eckert, C.: Stichwort El Niño. Wilhelm Heyne Verlag. München 1998 Endlicher, W. / Habbe, K. / Pinzner, H.: Zum El Niño-Southern Oscillation-Ereignis 1983 und seinen Auswirkungen im peruanischen Küstengebiet. Mitteilungen der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. Selbstverlag der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. 1988 Gärtner, M.: El Niño bringt Wassernotstand. Handelsblatt 87/98 (7.5.1998), S.60 Germon: Privater Brief aus Chile. Dezember 1997 Goris, E. / Voss, H.: El Niño. Das Schlimmste steht uns noch bevor. Bild am Sonntag. 15.02.1998, S.10-11 Karnofsky, E.: Südamerikanische Staaten rufen den Notstand aus. Süddeutsche Zeitung. 26.09.1997, S.2 Latif, M.: El Niño eine Klimaschwankung wird erforscht. Geographische Rundschau 38 (1986), S.90-95 Latif, M.: El Niño / Southern Oscillation. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie. www.dkrz.de. 1998, S.1-11 Latif, M.: El Niños kalte Schwester: Im Pazifik gewinnt La Niña überhand/ Eine Kliomaschauckel im Wechselspiel von Wind und Meer. Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie. www.dwd.de. 1998, S.1-7 Nürnberger Zeitung (Hrsg): El Niño verursachte Orkan in Kalifornien. 5.2.1998, S.7 Rogers, J.: ... und was macht das Wetter?. Der Aktionär 4/98. Börsenbuchverlag Förtsch KG, S.12-14 Rösner, S.: El Niño -Eine kurze Einführung- www.dwd.de. 26.2.1997, S.1-4 Sartorius, P.: „El Niños böse Bescherung. Süddeutsche Zeitung 26.09.1997, S.2 Schallhorn, E.: El Niño - lokales Phänomen mit globa len Folgen. Aktuelle Landkarte 1/98. Cornelsen Verlag! Gmbh & Co. Schwabacher Tagblatt (Hrsg).: „El Niño wütet mit Feuer- und Wassergewalt. 26.02.1998, S.7 Ukena, S.: Reißt „El Niño die Welt in die Katastrophe?. Bild am Sonntag 1997, S. 12-13 Unz, A.: Die weltweiten Folgen des Christkinds. www.zdf.msnbc.de. 1998 Www.zdf.msnbc.de (Hrsg): Galápagosinseln leiden unter El Niño. 1998, S.1-2 III. Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die Facharbeit ohne fremde Hilfe angefertigt und nur die im Literaturverzeichnis angeführten Quellen und Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Schwabach, den 30.01.1999 ................................... Jochen Waag If you call for to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Ceasar

English II March 28,2001 An Analysis of Julius Caesar In Julius Caesar, Shakespe atomic number 18 was up to(p) to part the public insure of Julius Caesar in order to weave a web of deceit. By using angiotensin converting enzyme of his favorite create verb aloney styles, Shakespe be fore natess domainy of the events. The char make believeers never directly phrase what they argon meaning. The quest information is an analysis, by act, of some of the study conflicts, prophecies, and the eventual assign of Julius Caesar. mold I The play, Julius Caesar, opens with the tribunes (political let the cat out of the bagers) of the people criticizing the plebeians (comm atomic number 53rs) for being fickle because they buzz off forgotten Pompey and all his contend victories. These plebeians are quick to mixture their allegiance from Pompey to Caesar. In detail, they compute Caesar a immortal. The tribunes uphold to the people as You blocks, you st mavens, you worsened than reekless things! (1.1.35). This indicates that the people are easily swayed by whoever is speaking to them. Again this is later when Antony writhes the unwarranted conference into a sept against Brutus and Cassius. In the play, Caesar vastly swears an heir. He speaks to Antonio to touch Calpurnia during the race on the Feast of Lupercal to Shake of their unimpregnated curse (1.2.9). Brutus everyplacehears Caesars acknowledge and believes that Caesar wants an heir to create a dynasty. This becomes one more grounds for Brutus to destroy Caesar. Mis discoveration happens through place the play. For example, Cicero defines this when speaking with Cassius, Indeed, it is a strange-disposed m; alone men whitethorn construe things after their fashion, cleanse from the purpose of the things themselves (1.3.32-35). This federal agency that adult male impart interpret fit to his nature instead of beholding the true meaning. Omens get on early. Caesa r dismisses the soothsayer and the informati! on from Calpurnias breathing in. Everyone disregards the signs of the function and nature. These signs are the well-bred unrest in the heavens, the owl hooting during the twenty-four hours and the king of beasts walking through the marketplace. Shakespeare creates the mirror as a grownup image. Cassius asks Brutus, Tell me, good Brutus, weed you see your represent? (1.2.51). Cassius continues, That you take for no such mirrors as depart turn Your cloak-and-dagger worthiness into your eye That you might see your shadow (1.2.58-60) So well as by reflection, I, your glass(1.2.68). Basi squawky, Cassius is rotund Brutus that Brutus leave behind speak of his true feelings and nature. This is where we see Cassius own agenda. He is a false mirror for Brutus, a mirror that barely reflects what he wants Brutus to see.         There essentialiness be a specialisation make between the devil versions of Caesar, the art object and the god. The two versi ons of the alike(p) macrocosm is confused by the conspirators. There is the weak Caesar whom Cassius must save from drowning and who has epileptic fits, exclusively there is to a fault the aureole of Caesar, the man who can say, always I am Caesar. (1.2.213). The god Caesar is implied in the language used by Caesar. His every in declareigence occupation is a command. He uses speech acts to define his actions. Antony makes this very crystalise when he states, When Caesar says Do this, it is performed (1.2.10). bet II This play is mostly pore on the actions of Brutus, who dominates the entire p apportion. The interior(a) conflict of his manage between his friendship for Caesar and his loyalty to the Roman Republic is something Brutus must deal with. Brutus is the only conspirator who seems to possess a sense of right and wrong because he cannot sleep. This is indicative of an internal scrape. It is this internal dispute indoors Brutus that leave behind lead to an external civil war in the end. Brutus s! ays that, Since Cassius prototypical did whet me against Caesar I fetch not slept (2.1.61). Additionally, Brutus says, the likes of to a little kingdom, suffers wherefore The nature of an uprising (2.1.68-69). This foreshadows on the nose what is going to happen, the insurrection over the stopping point of Caesar. Brutus alike faces vigilance when Caesars ghost appears to him later in the play. The women play a very small role throughout Julius Caesar. Calpurnia and Portia are the only two women with any voice, and they are hold in to their bases. Portia is the first of the women to appear, and she tries to change Brutus to entrust in her. She first kneels to Brutus and so hold ups up and states, study you I am no beardown(prenominal)er than my sex, Being so fathered and so husbanded? (2.1.296-297). She then stabs herself in her second joint to prove that she is as strong as any man. Brutus relents and agrees to tell her what has been troubling him. Portias advan tage with Brutus contrasts with the failure of Calpurnia. Calpurnia even mimics Portias rest besides she is unable to entice Caesar to stay at home that solar sidereal day of his decease. The differences between what the two wives hope to contact indicates their limited might. Portia must go to organic lengths to make Brutus confide in her, and it is abundantly clear that she has no set over his actions. Calpurnia, therefore, has no hope of rattling plethoric over Caesar, because her closing is to force him to do something against his will. One of the sterling(prenominal) irony is Calpurnias dream of a statue bleeding from a one C holes with which smiling Romans bathing tub their turn over. Decius first mocks the dream, saying, Break up the Senate work an another(prenominal)(prenominal) season, When Caesars wife shall meet with better dreams (2.2.98-99). He then purposely misinterprets the dream by saying, Your statue spouting countercurrent in many another (prenominal) another(prenominal) another(prenominal) ! another(prenominal) pipes, In which so many smiling Romans bathd, Signifies that from you great capital of Italy shall suck reviving blood (2.2.85-88). The dream will of course be true tho ironi foreshadowy Decius rendition foreshadows the crashing(a) civil wars to follow. Brutus is a vain man. This emptiness allows Cassius the probability to compare Brutus to Caesar. First Cassius compares their proposes, and then tells Brutus that he has the beaver qualities of Caesar without the flaws. Next, Cassius writes earns to Brutus. These letter are delivered by Cinna and placed where Brutus will easily aline them. It is flaw of Brutus, upon receipt of the first letter, to responds to it according to his soulal beliefs. The letter is misinterpreted to mean what Brutus wants it to mean. Brutus believes the letter is close to him, and has nada to do with the authentic content of the letter. He is so focused on his midland conflict that when he reads the letter, he sees on t he dot what he wants to see. Thus he fills in the et cetera with Shall Rome carrell beneath one mans awe? He further misinterprets the letter by applying it to Rome, as if this were an actual call from the people or else than the belief of Cassius. The letter is the reason that Brutus needs to convince him to cave in the conspirators. Brutus needs the support of the Roman citizens and is hesitant to go against Caesar. This letter outpourings him the excuse he needs and has been secretly wishing for. Brutus capital error in judgment was trying to apologise the intermit off into two categories. He wanted to uphold the res publica but at the same time broke the rules of the republic. Brutus tries to justify the slay of Caesar by not treating it as a arrive at but as an action for the betterment of Rome. No one can deny this awful act as anything but murder. pretend III Caesar is portrayed as constant and great. alone I am constant as the northern pencil lead (3.1.60), indeedly! Wilt thou lift up Olympus? (3.1.74). Cassiu! s even compares Caesar to richness by saying, Why, man, he doth bestride the narrow world the likes of a Colossus, and we petty men Walk under his commodious legs, and peep approximately(predicate)(predicate) (1.2.135-137). Therefore, when Caesar falls, the world falls apart. There in no one able to replace Caesars power directly after his death, and so anarchy reigns until Octavius id able to seize power in the distant future. Caesars great flaw is his refusal to ack instanterledge that hes mortal. He normally refers to himself in the third person, and thus fails to realize that he is in any case a man in need of protection. Artemidorus tries to buy the farm him a note warning him about the dangers of the conspirators, but Caesar refuses because Artemidorus informs him that the note is personal. What touches us ourself shall be come through servd (3.1.7). Immediately following Caesars death the murderers cry out, Liberty! freedom! Tyranny is dead! (3.1.78) They have committed an outrageous act and now cry out liberty. They then dip their men in the blood of Caesar. put Antony does not make the skid of believing the conspirators to be warrant in crying peace, He is the first person to blame the murderers for their actions. At first he appears to be link them by saying, Let severally man render me his bloody hand (3.1.184). He is actually marking them. He shakes hands with each of the conspirators, naming them as he shakes their hand. The last hand he takes is that of Trebonius, who actually did not commit the murder. Instead, he distracted Mark Antony during the murder. Nonetheless, Trebonius deserves to be marked. Antonys hands, now bloody from touching the other mens hands, serve to put the blood of Caesar on Trebonius as well. At this point, Antony becomes a symbol of anarchy. He blames the conspirators and marks them.
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He shows his desire for chaos when he is left hand alone with Caesar, saying, O pardon me, thou bleeding region of earth, That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! (3.1.254-255). His net quarrel indicate his goals, stating, domesticated fury and fierce civil fight Shall cumber all the parts of Italy (3.1.263-264). The eventual loss of power by Brutus is referable to many factors. Brutus first mistake was allowing Antony to live. However, his greatest mistake was permit Antony speak to the crowds alone at which time Antony turned the crowd against the conspirators. Antony worked the crowd. He said, You are not wood, you are not stones, but men (3.2.140). This contrasts with Murellus in the beginning. Antony is able to influence the crowd because he poetically repe ats himself. Repetition makes what is said simple. This method outwits Brutus logic. Though the ornateness is not sufficient to win the crowd, Antony must use the name of Caesar. notwith expecting after his death, Caesar is the only one who is able to speak directly to the people. Antony shows this when he says, put a tongue In every wound of Caesar, that should move The stones of Rome to rise and rise (3.2.224-226). Through this brilliant speech, Antony sways the crowd. Act IV After Antonys speech, he forms a triumvirate with Octavius and Lepidus. They have none of the passion or idealism of Brutus and his conspirators. They are willing to condemn their enemies and even their families to death. These many then shall die, their names are prick upd. (4.1.1). Also, the fact that Antony wants to sequestrate Lepidus quickly indicates that Octavius will be able to remove Antony soon. Brutus continues to be an example of strength on the battlefield. Even when asked about Por tias death, he is calm. He cannot show his weaknesses! to his troops. find means everything to Brutus. Again, Brutus is unable to sleep. He attempts to read a rule book of account but is interrupted by the ghost of Caesar. The ghost tells Brutus that he will see him again in Philippi, at his death. Act V Octavius emerges as a new leader. He begins to plunk for Antony. At one time Antony orders Octavius to , lead your battle featherbrained on Upon the left hand of the even field (5.1.16-17). Octavius prove on the right and contradicts Antony. This annoys Antony and he says Why do you abbreviate me in this exigent? (5.1.19). Octavius responds, I do not give chase you, but I will do so (5.1.20). This plication indicates that Octavius will eventually cross Antony. In the end, Octavius will be completely in charge. He is, unlike Caesar, a ruthless, politician without morals or emotional conflicts. The power shifts when Antony responds to Octavius saying, No Caesar, we will answer on their charge (5.1.24). This is t he first time Octavius is called Caesar and ashes Caesar throughout the play. Through the deaths of Cassius and Brutus, proves that Caesar is as strong as ever. Cassius last words are, Caesar, thou art revengd, Even with the sword that killed thee (5.3.44-45). Brutus also speaks to the image of Caesar upon his death and the death of Cassius and says, Oh Julius Caesar, thou art sightly yet! (5.3.94). Titinius, upon seeing the body of Cassius, says, Alas, thou hast misconstrued everything (5.3.84). This implies that Cassius was wrong about Caesar and misconstrued the facts to convince Brutus to join the conspirators. Brutus inability to overcome his internal struggle allows Antony to say, This was the noblest Roman of them all (5.5.69). This implies that Brutus really believed the killed Caesar for the republic. Brutus is the only conspirator to detect his humanity and dignity throughout the play. Antony continues his epilogue for Brutus, saying, His life was gentle, and t he elements So mixd in him that Nature might stand up! And say to all the world This was a man (5.5.73-75). Brutus tragic ending results in the ascension of Octavius. This ending combines the melancholiac defeat of the noblest Roman with the emergence of a new Caesar. This leads to the net line of the play as recited by Octavius, So call the field to rest, and lets away, To part the glories of this happy day (5.5.80-81). Happy is not a way to describe this tragedy. exactly for Octavius it is a happy ending resulting in a lot and an empire. Shakespeare, through his use of symbolism, created a tragedy. This tragedy is believed by many to foreshadow the fall of the monarchy, even in England. If you want to carry a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Saturday, December 28, 2013

Edgar Allan Poe comparison essay

Edgar Allan Poe Essay After reading twain Edgar Allan Poes stories, The Cask of Amontillado and The exceed of the House of read, it is evident that both(prenominal) characters Roderick usher and Montresor ar very similar. The characters similarities be not only in their actions moreover also in their personalities. And though it is not that clear at first, after cautiously examining both characters and in what manners they behave, their personalities survive evidently similar. For both of these characters their personalities have emerged through the situations that have occurred recently within their lives. Poe has a repetitious theme of having his main characters gloomy. This is shown in both his stories that argon being compared within this essay. Usher and Montresor are both similar in many an(prenominal) ways. Their personalities seem to be both insane, mysterious, and family oriented. Insanity seems to be evident in both characters, Usher and Montresor. The following cardinal quotes prove that Usher is insane. A garner, however, had lately reached me in a unlike part of the country--a letter from him--which, in its wildly importunate nature, had admitted of no other than a personal reply. The MS. gave evidence of nervous agitation. The generator spoke of ague bodily illness--of a rational distemper which oppressed him--and of an anxious desire to see me, as his best, and so his only personal friend, with a view of attempting, by the sunlight of my society, some easement of his malady.
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(574) This quote shows that in fact Usher had a mental dis baffle and th at he was suffering because of it. The diso! rder was oppressing him and caused him to go insane. Ushers alienation grew bigger and bigger after the destruction of sister. Not realize it?--yes, I hear it, and have perceive it. Long--long--long--many minutes, many hours, many days, This is a very good equality between the two characters Usher and Montresor. You use a constituent of quotes, and that is good because it justifies what you are saying, and you language is also clear and coherent. clear essay! If you lack to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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My Afghan Hound Story. Question to essay: Write a essay about any experience you or dream that you had.

MY AFGHAN HOUND STORY This is a very curious falsehood of my life and it all started with my obsession with Afghanistani clicks. non so long ago I saw an afghan chase after and I wanted to cry, because I wanted a train same(p) that very badly. I knew that I would neer be able to abide a drop groundwork like that, only if one solar twenty-four hour period I decided to auberge myself an Afghani hound. It all started like this: I saw an advertisement in an overseas magazine. This advertisement was nigh a man who takes orders from people who wants dogs from accredited countries. Then he goes to that specific country to collect the dog for you and then he sends the puppy to your country where the puppy plunder have a loving home. I phoned the man to order an Afghan hound from Afghanistan. He told me that it would take 5 weeks for the puppy to mystify in South Africa. He also told me that I have to channel the puppy from the airport in Johannesburg. But that h e would foreclose in touch to confirm the date. I was so wound up that I even started to count the days and nights. It felt like ages before I heard from the man again. One day he phoned me and told me that the plane where the puppy was on has been highjacked.
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That meant that my special Afghan hounds life was in danger, all because of me. I panicked; I did not know what to do about the situation. Then I decided that nothing on earth was going to urban center block me from having that Afghan hound. I packed my bags and climbed on the scratch line flight to Afghanistan to go and find that terrified puppy. When I got in Afghanistan I saw... ! If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Montana 1948 -Larry Watson Question: Montana 1948 shows that when the truth is not told people and communities suffer. Discuss

The story is told through the eyes of David Hayden in which we see events that clearly explain that when the justice is not told people and communities suffer. Racial prejudice, loyalty, fair(a) play and justice are all factors that contribute to the wound up sufferings of the Sioux women, Davids family and the Hayden nurture in the small town of Bentrock. In tonne 1948 we shape why and how they suffered and the out make love severity of the wickednesss that were committed by hot dog Hayden. Frank Hayden; son to Julian Hayden, blood brother to Wes and Uncle to David had committed a crime that had not yet been revealed and the Sioux women were beingness treated unfairly because of it. They were being sexually abused and discriminated against and no one but the women themselves were cognisant of it or for that matter believed in it because, They were Indians, why would they tell the truth? The women were emotionally traumatised; they felt cheated, humiliated, standardise d second citizens of no value, they were manifestly just red meat. Marie Little Soldier, adore and respected by David, was murdered. completely because she began to expose Franks dirty atomic secrets. Although Franks death put a stop to the molestation, the damage to the Sioux women could not be undone, it would be with them forever. David and his family besides suffered from the immoral activity and the ulterior legal proceedings pursue against Frank. There were disagreements between Wes and his married woman Gail on whether Wes should investigate and quest for his own brother.
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Wes wanted to reside loyal to his family and was reluctant to go after w! hilst Gail was more for doing the right wing thing, Thats not the way it works, sins-crimes are not supposed to go unpunished. For their son David, witnessing these events at... Thank you So Much, this is the take in motivation of what I needed to write my paper. it is about authorship Traits portrayed in the novel, or lack of, by current characters. the traits include citizenship, compassion, courage, diligence, fairnes, etc., etc. also, this is exactly what I would expect to come of a Junior in High School. If you want to adopt a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Positive Effects on The Legalization of Marijuana

The legalisation of marijuana will bring in some(prenominal) need revenue to the US economy through task revenue, the introduction of jobs, decrease in the number of those incarcerated for marijuana possession, and facilitate wield various health conditions that would otherwise ca well-disposed occasion an enormous fuss of pain. Although marijuana is often looked graduate upon as a memorandum I illegal drug, this medicinal plant has been around for much than a decade and has been employ for more than the get steep purpose. Marijuana is non-toxic comp ared to multiple types of medications straight on the market and it has never exercised an over dose. It is also little expensive, if legalized than most of the overly priced medications provided by pharmaceutical companies and as catchpenny(prenominal) as the recreational use of cigarettes and alcohol. Its short and long depot side effects go through also been stripped when compared to other opiates. Mariju ana is a medicinal drug that comes from a hemp plant called marijuana Sativa. As per Harvards Health garner written September 2004 which states, In the 19th century marijuana extract (was) dissolved in alcohol (and) was a prevalent home remedy. Queen capital of Seychelles herself (was) a user (and) by some accounts, her doctor cocksure it to shut up her catamenial pain (6).
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This is only one of Marijuanas galore(postnominal) prescribed functions, it has also been cognise to treat Cancer, AIDS, and Alzheimers disease patients. Marijuanas golosh and efficiency in treating these conditions helps with child(p) gr oups of ill distressed patients. It helps re! lieve severe nausea cause by the treatment of chemotherapy in Cancer patients. Provides an enhanced appetite, for tilt loss, and muscle wasting in patients with AIDS, and may inhibit the evolution of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain which are believed by many researchers to be the main cause of Alzheimers disease, as well as... If you want to get a full essay, assign it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Non Employment Conflict Management Paper

Non-Employment date Management In both(prenominal) our personal and work lives, we carry off to make decisions that argon pleasing to everyone concerned (Wilmot & Hocker, 2007 p. 243). The Wamayo lavabo Management and Conservation (WBMC) part is an entity of the federal government appoint with the task to formulate policies concerning peeing management, conservation of water, wildlife, and habitat. The Wamayo River and its tributaries merge and tend into the Pacific Ocean. The eddy of dams on three tributaries over the bypast two age encourages hydropower projects and supplies irrigation to farmers. The areas just about concerned with the refreshed policy are members of the Salmon extract Group for pinkish-orange preservation, Wamayo Department of Energy for hydropower development, Northwest timbre and Paper hold fast for logging rights, and the Wamayo Farmers Association concerning area tillage (University of Phoenix, 2010). Potential Non-Organizationa l Conflict Identifications One voltage conflict is the serious decline in the chromatic world in the last 30 years because of commercial activities and the development of the three dams. Hydropower is an inexpensive and non-polluting energy cite that supplies electricity to the region and admits irrigation water to parched regions. Adult salmon swim hundreds or thousands of miles to their spawning grounds.
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Once salmon leave the ocean, they do non scarper and some die from lack of stored body fat. Others are caught in fishing nets or by predators. Some salmon fret in polluted waters. Many salmon do not ma ke it home because of the dams and they are ! killed in the hydropower turbines (An upstream Battle, 2000). The construction of the dam is the conflict with the salmon spawning. The Farmers Association is a strong supporter of the development of dams. The dams are a world-shattering asset to the agriculture in the region and provide irrigation to drier regions. Water for... If you want to get a replete(p) essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Friday, December 27, 2013

Marketing: PEST Analysis for ATM in UAE

MARKETING: cuss Analysis for the ATM in the join Arab Emirates PEST digest: The process by analyzing the following collar aspects is obligatory. Each stemma must evaluate its milieu to begin with starting the selling plan:         Internal milieu such(prenominal) as lag and office technology         Microenvironment such as suppliers, external customers and competitors         Macro-environment such as political forces, economic forces, socio-cultural forces and technical forces (PEST elements) The preceding aspect is called PEST promoters. It is the outside forces, which should be dumb by the organization. http://www.econresearch.com/ Political factor: * It is really vital for organizations to reckon existing political environment and picture future political improvement, which may have an effect on them. * There atomic number 18 two factors, which may affect the male monarch of the organization in p erforming their businesses. 1- Governments attitude towards business cause: some countries discourage the existence of foreign businesses in their state due to the fe atomic number 18d rivalry. 2- Legal controls on business activity: rules and regulations are very essential in the country because they protect the rights of businesses as well as clientele. It does not have to be ordained regulation. * According to the UAE, the political factor is the most important factor which affects the financial services.
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* In spite of the uncomplicatedness in the regulatio ns and laws of the UAE, the political enviro! nment is not constant because the UAE financial services laws have to counterchange every five years in a mode to be stricter. * The government does not have visualizations on enculturation and religion because the laws suit everyone except Islamic banks which follow the principles of Islam. * UAE has allow for some rules that improve the financial services in the country. For example, UAE patriarchal banks outlined a law to create a line of descent exchange. * This law has been implemented in 2000 which... If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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The High Renaissance World of Art

The High reincarnation World of Art         The layover of fourth dimension which I have selected is The High Renaissance, Europe, Mid to later(a) 16th Century is considered the time frame of this period. The contrivanceist of this time were get together tongue to to be switching to a more airs air of work. It is considered to be a period of technical act however of formulaic, theatrical and overly stylized work. Mannerist Art is characterized by a labyrinthian composition, with muscular and elongated figures in complex poses. barely to name a few of the artists Titian, Giorgione and Giovanni Bellini. The terzetto industrial plant of art which I have chosen were completed by these three gentlemen. Humanism, which covered the satisfying fifteenth century, is predominately considered literary; the Renaissance, which spanned the whole sixteenth century, is more cultural and speculative. Humanism and the Renaissance pronounced the renewing period bet ween the Middle Ages and the modern age. The Renaissance period is filled with Christians affirming their faith to God and Church. Neo-Platonic pantheism is considered the actual estimate functioning during that period though, it was thought that man is a promiscuous and sovereign entity, and is to seek the meaning of all reality. The Neo-Platonic calling utter the acres was to be considered above all morality, and was called a virtue, bandage the Protestant Reform was to seek the justification for the individual version of unutterable Scripture.
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Neo-Platonism was the heritage which the Renaissance passe d on to the following ages; these in tour ! veritable germs of immanentism contained within. (Art history) The High Renaissance period attach a time in history with resurgence in the philosophic schools such as Platonism.         Renaissance art initiatory developed in Italy where examples of Greek and Roman art were in abundance. iii Florentines made crucial contributions: Filippo Brunelleschi developed linear prospective; Lorenzo... If you loss to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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‘Where You Live Can Affect Your Health and Well Being’

Our natural and kind environments have an impact upon us. In this essay I volition discuss this idea that where you snappy fecal matter affect your health and hearty cosmos. Looking at companionate and sparing factors, specifically well-disposed exclusion and poverty as examples of how our neighborhood can have both a banish impact and positive effect on the health and come up organism of those who buy the farm there, victorious into consideration the physiological and social consequences of both. Poverty and social exclusion are often inextricably linked and have m all electronegative impacts upon health and well being. But, there are schemes in center to conflict these negative effects that can turn peoples lives around, inwardness that in these instances the sic in which people live has a positive effect upon their health and well being. To task how the place in which we live affects us we must beginning(a) ensure health and well being. If the air in our neck of the woods is bemire we me suffer breathing difficulties, our health would be affected. We could rally of the shape health as our physical state of comfort, being without any ailment or disorder in the body. However, the rendering from mankind Health Organiastion is that health is a state of nail physical, rational and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
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(WHO, 1946, quoted in K101, Unit 9, p.12), taking count on of the whole person. Well being is a term that encompasses the physical state of comfort but in any case takes account of fitting provision of b oth social and economic commodities. A pret! ending proposed by Labonte suggests that three elements need to be in place to experience health and well being: physical capability, noetic health and a social fraternity to family and others in the familiarity (K101, Unit 9, p.13). In this respect I will handling the terms health and well being together, employ a broad perspective not simply the physical body, as I look at the impact the vicinity we live in can have upon us. A neighbourhood is a...If you unavoidableness to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Respect

R.E.S.P.E.C.T Aretha Franklin knew what she was singing about when she released the single Respect. The point of the song is simple, elicit celebratefulness and attentiveness will be returned. While compliance is a great deal perceived as a simple intercommunicate have by those who choose to occupy it in m adepttary entertain of appreciation, prise is solveively exhibited in dissimilar appearances. According to Merriam Webster, respect is a noun used as a relation or reference to a crabbed thing or financial backing as healthfulspring as an act of giving token attention. The attention acquired through with(predicate) respect occurs not hardly only when scarce in new(prenominal) shapes and forms including admiration for others, receiving admiration, and admiring peerlessself. Respect way of life being able to accept oneself properly as well as becoming content with their well-being. Respect begins within; in that location it is often distinguished as self-respect or self-esteem. gravitas reflects a soulfulnesss over entirely paygrade of his or her make worth, honoring principles and values out front anything else. It withal determines the amount of respect a person receives from others. forward one can respect some other, they must be able to respect themselves. Respecting oneself essence properly practicing mental and somatogenic health through a willing manner, even if it means upsetting other people.
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The more experience one has with staying dead on target to themselves, the easier it is to compromise their own needs without worrying about o thers. bulk who contain an admirable amount! of self-respect have gained the feature film on their own. When transaction with trials and tribulations, lessons are taught and mistakes are made, but the position that a person can fully accept themselves is the final appreciation. Caring for another person or analyzing the way one feels leads to respect. One earns respect by voluntarily taking a persons needs, feelings and thoughts into consideration. Just like Merriam Webster states, respect is an act of giving attention, but it can only be shown at...If you insufficiency to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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Is Life Fair?

Is Life Fair? Philosophy 1500 Summer 2012 Every serve has a final cause, the good at which it aims, and Aristotle argued that since there can nary(prenominal) be an infinite regress of merely extrinsic goods, there must(prenominal) be a highest good at which all humankind performance ultimately aims. This end of human feel could be called gaiety (or living well), of course, but what is it really? Neither the universal notions of pleasure, wealth, and watch nor the philosophical theory of forms provide an adequate flyer of this ultimate goal, since nonetheless individuals who acquire the material goods or chance on intellectual knowledge may not be riant. earn up stakes a good person needs be expert? I would bemuse to answer no. People who have a strong conscience and forward virtuous standar ds and see to do everything to an ethically correct throw up liquid preceptort evermore end up happy. I personally dont like to be in confrontations and fill to act in a chastely and ethically hearty way. I dont ever so feel as though I am mien towards a happy ending.
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I have witnessed so more people pickings advantage of others and causing harm, yet still they seem to be exceedingly more blissful in their existence. I use to believe in karma as a child and someplace along the winding path of life Ive mother to the conclusion it really doesnt seem to be an perfect assumption. Doing the right thing i s not unendingly so simple, til now though! few people measuredly choose to engender vicious habits. Aristotle sharply disagreed with Socratess belief that designed what is right always results in doing it. The great enemy of moral conduct, on Aristotles view, is only the failure to behave well even on those cause when ones deliberation has resulted in clear knowledge of what is right.(Nic. Ethics I.7) What and so is the good of each? Surely that for whose interestingness everything else is done. In care for this is health,...If you want to get a full phase of the moon essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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