One Today- Poem Analysis Essay

Richard Blanco is a Cuban- American poet who was given the oppurunity to write an inaugaration poem for Barack Obamas plump for swearing-in. He wrote a poem titled sensation at once that praised the replete(p) and unique things about the United States and in any case the e veryday people whos daily routines help to make America the proud pastoral that it is. Blanco physical exercises several(prenominal) rhetorical devices passim One Today, more so in the first few stanzas.An example of figurative language he use was the repetition of certain wrangle or similar words in order to create a flow within the poem. My face, your face, millions of faces in morning times mirrors is a line in the poem that best represents this. Blanco also uses personification to give a better description of the beauty that he is describing, such(prenominal) as plum blush of dusk. Another use of figurative language found in stanza four is the repetition of the word hands which he uses to represent the some hard-working hands of America and the things they do to contri providede to the well-being of the country.The word choice in the poem is a big part of what I think ties the whole poem together, and creates a theme that carries through each stanza. As you read the poem you willing notice the excessive use of the word one which is most often featured at the beginning of a stanza and followed by something that connects everyone in the country together. An example of this is the first line in the fourth stanza of the poem, which reads One ground. Our ground, grow us to every stalk of corn, every head of wheat seeded by sweat and hands . Another example is the use of words that represent movement.Rose, charging, crescendoing, teeming, launching, jetting are either words used throughout the poem that outline the daily movement that occurs in the lives of American citizens. In the sixth stanza of the poem Blanco gives examples of the many different ways that you may insure U. S residents say hello. I think that he did this to represent the many different cultures that make up the population of the United States, and the vast keep down of languages that they speak.I think the tone and voice that this poem has is that of pride and patriotism. The originator does this by outlining the good qualities that the United States has to offer. However he does this is in such away that it does not sound like bragging, because he does not botch about all of the beauty or things that America is known for but rather the people who work to make it this way and how these things bring them together. One Today is of course written in a formal mien because of the occasion that that it was written for.That is why it does not bind any humour, abbreveations or informal language. I think that the voice that the author used in this poem fit the occasion perfectly because it was straight forward, easily graspable and relatable to any American citizen. The sentence structure of this poem is unlike a lot of poems that you might see where the lines are of equal length and contain the same amount of sylables. Rather than taking that approach, Blancos poem contained senteneces, and lines that were all of different length.For example, in the second stanza blanco included two very hanker lines that included dashes and commas because he was creating a list. Some of the very short lines feautured throughout the poem occur beacause the sentence was too coarse to fit into the line before and was continued in the next line. after(prenominal) I applied all of these craft techniques to the poem One Today it helped me to better understand why the author wrote it the way that he did.

Give Me Liberty: Chapter 17 Outline Essay

Populists or pluralitys party members were part of this eras greatest policy-making insurgency. It evolved from the sodbusters Alliance, where farmers across forty-three states called together to remedy their condition. The muckles party not notwithstanding attracted farmers save also included altogether the producing classes. Their lasting legacy comes from the populist platform of 1892 and also from the fact that populism came smashed to replacing the two already existing parties.Explain how a arranging of racial segregation was established in the South Since populism failed in the south, it was plain-spoken to the induction of a new-made racial order. As much of reconstructive memory was undone as possible by the Redeemers, so called because they believed they saved the percentage from alleged misgovernment and impending sour rule. New laws were created that jailed anyone without a job, and the punishment for petty crimes was increased tenfold. Of course, the black p opulation suffered the greatest after(prenominal)ward this. Then, convict laboring became popular which basically put blacks right put up into slavery. Blacks continued to be denied high paying jobs, but a black middle class began to arise in the urban communities consisting of people with professions much(prenominal) as teachers and professors. Blacks in politics declined also, though not abruptly. They eventually alienated their right to vote. In Plessy v. Ferguson it was made legal to segregate public places. kill also rose in popularity again.Describe what ways the boundaries of American emancipation grew narrower in this bound At the end of the 19th century, the thought adjoin of Americans changed quite a bit, towards the humor that extradom should not be offered equally, only to the right and supposed deserving people. An Ohio parolepaper stated that the influx of immigrants was overrunning cities, and that they birth no appreciation of the true meaning of liberty . Most of the immigrants in this period came from Italy, Russia, Austro-Hungarian empires, and other countries in Southern and eastern Europe. Immigrants were looked down upon as imposing excuses for people who are inclined to steal and commit crime from birth. the great unwashed started to look for a way to limit the rights of these people, and also prevent to a greater extent from entering. In Boston, the immigration restriction league was formed and proposed that literacy would be necessitate to enter the field. This was adopted by umpteen states. Blacks also continued to pick up less and less rights in the South, as well as disenfranchisement. balloting was becoming more of a privilege in America, instead of a right.Explain how the United States emerged as an imperial power in the 1890s America started out s low-toned as government officials and business owners firm the land and resources they had werent enough. At origin, proposals to add other countries were vetoed an d over-sea focus remained generally on trade. Then, a group of late nineteenth century thinkers proposed an idea of updated manifest destiny, and that the most beneficial thing to do for the world was to chatter the Anglo-Saxon traditions on un refined societies and turn them into consumers of American goods.This was outlined in the support Our Country by Josiah Strong. Alfred T. Mahan took advantage of the time at which occidental expansion ended, as all land was finally claimed by a state. He published a book that urged American expansion to shine outward because we could no longer capitalize on our own land. This book influenced James Blaine, secretary of state during the presidency of Harrison. Harrison requested the construction of quadruple new battleships, while Blaine encouraged the president to push for Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Cuba to be crop up as naval bases. The depression only exacerbated these ideas and plunged the country into a period of aggressive nationali sm, where newspapers containing sentiments of nationalism views sold like hotcakes.VocabularyThe Farmers Alliance Farmers in the early 1890s felt disenfranchised, so they banded together to charge each other. shell out across 43 states. The Populist Party Evolved from the farmers alliance, object it included all working classes. Their platform still remains a classic American document. They sought to redefine the idea of freedom in the contemporary government. It attracted umpteen followers, including a large number of women who wanted suffrage, and a small number of blacks. Populist Platform Consisted of six main items1. depend election of U.S. Senators2. Government control of currency3. A graduated income tax revenue4. Low cost public financing for farmers5. Legalize unionizing6. Public willpower of railroadsWilliam J. Bryan Second candidate chosen by populists for president. He was supported by democrats as well and ran as democrat even. He condemned the gold standard, and advocated free cash and unrestricted minting of silver money. He hoped it would help relieve farmer debts. He was also devoutly religious.Coxeys Army A band of several hundred unemployed men led by Ohio man of affairs Jacob Coxey demanding frugal relief. They marched to D.C. where they were forced to disperse by soldiers.Pullman Strike Workers in a company owned town called Pullman called a strike due to low wages. The idea spread and the boycott called by the American Railway coupling crippled national rail service, government injunctions were imposed to force laborers to work.Eugene V. Debs magnetized leader of the rail-workers union and the Pullman strike, was jailed for contempt of court. On his release, 100,000 people greeted him, and he called them lovers of liberty. He said that state and national government was waiver to take from the weak their birthright of freedom.Free Silver Unrestricted minting of silver money, Supported by Bryan because he hoped to circula te more money to aid farmers.Election of 1896 Won by William McKinley, the republican candidate. Bryan who represented the democrats lost by about 6 million votes. Bryan is noted to have driven many republicans to McKinley because of Bryans call for inflation and speeches against corporate arrogance. Northeast and Midwest industrial states voted republican, while less populous states voted for Bryan which is why he lost.William McKinley Former Ohio regulator and republican, won the election of 1896. His campaign manager Hanna created a political railway car that flooded the states with pamphlets and other propaganda.The Redeemers Claimed to have redeemed the southern region of misgovernment and black rule. They were satisfactory to impose their racial order due to the bereavement of populism in the south. When they gained power they quickly undid as much as they were able of Reconstruction. New laws incarcerated people for the simplest of crimes, and then convicts were bought and sold and used as a cheap form of labor, much like slavery.The Kansas Exodus 50,000 blacks migrated to Kansas in the sentiment they would find political equality, freedom from violence, access to education and economic opportunity. mamilla singleton handed out flyers portraying Kansas as a utopia. However, most blacks didnt have the capital to farm so they ended up acquiring stuck there with low paying jobs. Decline of Black Politics and take Black people gave up their interest in politics after reconstruction, and they sought more fulfilling careers in business, law, or the church. This turned out to be their worst mistake because then their voting was taken away in the south as soon as it was possible. Poll taxes and other elector restrictions were enacted that were aimed at blacks but still lawful.Jim Crow Laws State and local laws mandating de jure racial segregation in Southern states. Examples Created the poll taxes, literacy tests, and the grandfather clause. Blacks were denied access to many public and municipal facilities much(prenominal) as parks, theaters, housing, and mass transit. Various economic sanctions were placed on blacks in order to maintain their status.Plessy V. Ferguson Upheld the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of separate but equal.Lynching The murder of a person, usually black, and then hanging them on a tree to ridicule them. authorities seldom involved themselves in the conflicts even though they knew about them.Chinese Exclusion Act The first major legal restriction on immigration to the U.S. prohibited further unskilled Chinese immigration in order to reduce contest for jobs.Booker T. Washington Former slave who promoted economic independence and a slow transition for blacks into free society founded the Tuskegee Institute.American Federation of dig Alliance of skilled workers in craft unions focus was bread-and butter issues such as higher w ages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. It was led by Samuel Gompers.Alfred Mahan Author who argued in 1890 that the economic future of the United States rested on new overseas markets protected by a larger navy wrote The make up ones mind of Sea Power Upon History.Josiah Strong Author of Our Country Its Possible forthcoming and Its Present Crisis, in which he urged Anglo-Saxons to civilize and Christianize the American West. appropriation of Hawaii American sugar plantation owners began the annexation by overthrowing the countrys queen successfully, which was followed by American military action. McKinley requested a joint resolution of annexation because it was popular amongst Americans although not among Hawaiians.Spanish American struggle Caused by suspicions of the Maine, support of Cuban independence, economic depression, and Yellow excite Journalism. The effect it had on America was that it pushed it into imperialism, after the war was won by the U.S., t hey received three new territories.Teller Amendment Promised that America would not annex Cuba after winning the war.Yellow Journalism Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.Open Door Policy Allowed free flow of trade with Asia, while still barring Asians to enter the country.The Philippine War Began after Filipinos incorrectly thought that they would self govern after independence from Spain. McKinley decided he still wanted the islands though, so they revolted and lost.White piece of musics Burden Poem by Rudyard Kipling outlining the contemporary thoughts of the government, which is it is our duty to civilize the lesser races.Anti Imperialist League Argued that an empire and democracy cannot coexist.

Letter to Home – History American Immigration

Mr. Iam naught 8 Howling Lane Hackney London E15 6PP unite domain Mr. Iam Nobody 8 Howling Lane Hackney London E15 6PP United Kingdom Dear Iam Nobody, Early today I arrived in Ellis Island, as you know I went via steamship which was crowded with all different shape of people from all different places. On the way at that place I was talking to a German man his name was Kurt even though he was German he spoke very good incline I would even say he spoke better than me to a certain extent.When we finally arrived there they took us into the Baggage Room of the principal(prenominal) Building, winding its way up to the second floor where we were met by a team of doctors and inspectors who would decide which way the Golden Door would swing as they called it. Although many did not know it, I could see that the inspection c all over had already begun. Doctors Scanning the moving line for signs of illness, Public Health serve up doctors looked to see if anyone wheezed, coughed, shuffle d, or limped as they climbed the steep ascent.There was another door which well-nigh 2/10 people went through I assumed that was the unfortunate door which meant people didnt pass the wellness test. A a few(prenominal) hours later I had passed my health test now and I say I would wait for Kurt to come through as he had no place to go and I was going to take him to Uncle Poe. Behold to me that was the be day I saw him he must have failed the health test. So I carried on once I reached New York I quickly found that there was a lot of segregated celestial orbit for different religions or nationalitys.When Uncle Poe picked me up he showed me to his diner where once over again people segregated from each other blacks in one corner, strike in another I thought this was madness as I thought one of the main reason why people immigrated to the States was to escape discrimination. I will be working in Poes diner from now on and living above the diner. Ive sole(prenominal) been working there for a couple of days now theres already been 3 fights and a multiple of hate spoken languages and just down the road 2 Irish workforce were shot and robbed. Its rough here so when I get ahead enough money to move then you can immigrate over here. Sincerely, Tyler Wakefield.

World Religions Report: Catholicism

What is universality? Catholicism is considered similar to saviourianity with slight differences, such as having the Pope as the head of the church and a strong idol worship to the Virgin Mary. Basically, Catholics believe that their church service was founded by Jesus savior. In addition, Catholic beliefs atomic number 18 specifically menti onenessd in the Apostles Creed. Catholics wish wellwise consent sacraments which are legitimate throughout the course of feel. They give primary importance to Baptism, which makes them an prescribed piece of the Catholic Church. Generally, Catholic belief is based both on Scriprture and Tradition.The dedicated parole that contains scriptures are divided between the New and Old Testaments. The first language of most of the Old Testament is Hebrew or Aramaic, hardly several books or portions of books were written in Greek. The New Testament was also written in Greek ( saviourianity Portal, 2006). Moreover, sacred traditions are o nes carried over from the early Church practices. These are handed down through scriptural beliefs. They are guided in career by the Ten Commandments, that are believed to be habituated by theology himself through a prophet named Moses.These commandments implicate ceremonial occasion ones parents, non taking the name of theology in vain, and honoring Sabbath day (Sunday), among differents. The commandments are based on love of God and mankind. establish on the commadments, Man is also forbidden to kill an early(a) or steal from others. Committing against the commandments is considered a mortal sin and dissolve condemn one to hell. On the other hand, following the commandments and being salutary towards others promises heaven and imperishable life. Furthermore, craveer is of the essence(p) in the life of both Catholic. However, this is not an obligation.They make water various forms of suppliant towards God, special prayers to saints and patron saints, ad prayers ac cording to intention. In addition, in that location are Catholics who do established devotion to Mary, the mother of Jesus. They pray to her for intercession, basing on the belief that whatever is asked through her to Jesus will be granted. These, however, depends if it is Gods will. They pray the Holy Rosary, which consists of repetitions of the Hail Mary, a prayer for Mary. During the rosary, they recall the life of Christ in the form of four mysteries Joyful, Sorrowful, Glorious, and Light Mysteries.Catholicism believes in one God and sees Him as eternal, all-powerful, all-knowing and omnipresent(Christianity Portal, 2006). Catholics believe that God know all mans thoughts and sees all his actions. Catholics believe that there are leash persons in one God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The faith of the Church and of the single(a) Christian is based on a relationship with these three Persons of the one God (Christianity Portal, 2006). Name, Location Review of the S ite The interview with Danford Cabinatan was conducted in The exaltation Ritas Catholic Church in Waianae, Hawaii.It is located in 89-318 Farrington Highway, Nanakuli. The church can be easily identified as Catholic as there are three big crosses on top of it. Inside are statues of Mary, angels, and saints. Most noticeable is the statue of the crucified Christ on the cross. There is a angulate evade by the altar where the priest officiates the Holy Mass. The said table faces wooden pews, where Catholics sit/kneel during the Mass. Based on Saint Ritas official website, their schedule of Masses are held everyday. However, confessions are held by appointment. In addition, mating should be scheduled at least 6 months ahead of the tangible wedding date.Saint Rita conducts religious educational activities for the youth and for adults. They conduct Bible Studies and Scripture Sharing. Interview Summary Ten questions about Catholicism were alert for this interview. Danford Cabinatan w illingly answered all these questions. He was baptized Catholic and was raised as one by his parents. Baptism, as he said, prepares adults to receive other sacraments such as Reconciliation and Confirmation. As a Catholic, he attends Mass on Sundays and holy days of obligation, confesses his sins, receives the Holy Communion, and observes the days of fasting and abstinence.Some of the important and traditional Catholic holidays are the Holy Days of Obligation, Ash Wednesday, wield Sunday, Good Friday, Easter Sunday, The Ascension, Pentecost, Trinity Sunday, gap of the Assumption of Mary, All Saints Day, Feast of the Immaculate Conception and Christmas or the Nativity of Jesus Christ. Catholics differ from other Christians as they celebrate the Eucharist. In contrast to Christians, the Catholic Church is overseen by the Pope, and has devotion to Mary and the Saints. The Christia Bible also differs from other religious books as it has the Old and the New Testaments.All Christians us e the Bible, however they differ in versions and translations. When asked how has his religion shaped his life, Cabinatan answered Religion is/will always be let on of my life and shaped me to what I am today. Believing and having faith In God. Believe in the Ten Commandments and life will be good to anyone. matchless just needs to recite the Apostles Creed. He also denies unbelieving his faith at any point of his life. The Catholic Church is manifold in the community lot of social programs and ministries throughout the world.They include shelters, hospitals and schools. The ministries like the Catholic Relief Services and Charities help the poor, families, sick and elderly. The Catholic Church have organizations world wide like the Daughters of Charity and the Knights of capital of Ohio. The Knights of Columbus visited every family who had lost family member/members in the 9-11incident. In addition, the Knights also assisted and donated enormous amount of money to the familie s affected by the 9-11 attack. Cabinatan is a member of the Knights of Columbus and a Eucharistic pastor.He also is an Extra Ordinary minister at the hospital where he visits the sick and administers the Eucharist every fifth Sunday. Catholism versus Buddhism There are significant differences between Catholicism and Buddhism. Among which are beliefs, faith, traditions, and practices. One of the major differences is the entity worshipped. Catholics, as Christians, primarily believe in Jesus Christ bandage Buddhists believe in Buddha. Jesus Christ was the son of Mary, who conceived Christ through Immaculate Conception. Buddha was born as Siddhartha Gautama, who was the King of India.Christ claimed he is both man and God, who died and rose again, establishing a unique and everlasting plight with man (Clark, 2008). On the other hand, Buddha is believed to be one of the many to progress in different ages to teach man that life is an illusion and to discase away human dispositions a nd attachments(Clark, 2008). Christ said that he is the Way, the Truth, and the Life trance Buddha teaches that every person must find their own path to enlightenment, or nirvana, the extinction of self(Clark, 2008).Jesus taught God wishes to share His divine life, given through the Son by the power of the Holy Spirit fleck Buddha taught individuality must perish and that everything is One (Clark, 2008). On faith, Buddhists do not believe in a god. Buddha was a human being who bring home the bacon full Enlightenment through meditation and showed the path of spiritual awakening and freedom (Fisher, 2005, p. 134). With this, Buddhism is said to be a religion of wisdom, enlightnement and compassion while Catholicism is a religion of God. Catholics believe that the Church is the Body and Bride of Christ, the disgorge of the Kingdom of God, and the conduit of Gods grace and mercy in the world (Clark, 2008). Catholics rely on faith in God when difficulties and trials come in life. Mea nwhile, Buddhist teaching suggests that the only way to escape these difficulties is non-existence. In the light of woefulnesss and problems, Catholics see these as something to bring them closer to God. They see these as part of everyday life and takes these as a reason to maintain devotion to God. In other words, sufferings and sacrifices unite them with him.On the other hand, the Buddhists see suffering as something to be escaped from. They are not concerned with whether or not God exists, nor offer worship. Instead, seek after non-self (anatman)(Clark, 2008). Buddhists also believe that it was during meditation nether a bodhi tree that Buddha was suddenly enlightened. He was enlightened with the doctrine or dharma of Four Noble Truths. These are (1) life is suffering (2) the cause of suffering is desire (3) to be free from suffering we must detach from desire and, (4) the eight-fold path is the way to alleviate desire.The eight-fold path includes having right views, intentions, speech, actions, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. The final aspiration of Buddhism is not merely to eradicate desire, plainly to be free of suffering. (Clark, 2008) On practice, the Catholics celebrate the Holy Eucharist every Sunday. They attend the mass on Holy Days of Obligation Feast of the Immaculate Conception and Christmas Day. Catholics have various prayers that are prayed at any time of the day. Catholics also have traditional prayers such as the Our Father, that is believed to have been taught by Jesus Christ himself.Any conversation with God is considered a form of prayer. At times, they reverberate and keep silent, since they believe that God speaks in silence. Buddhists, on the other hand, do not pray to a higher power as Catholics do, but they recite mantras and meditate. Buddhists meditate to gain clarity of thought, power of concentration and acumen into the true nature of reality. Similarities noted between these two religions is the practice of prayer and the desire to reach a good and peaceful state.According to the Ignatius in Sight website, External similarities, including monks, meditation, and prayer beads, seemed to indicate a newly spy closeness between the followers of Christ and Buddha (Clark, 2008). Conclusion It appears that Catholicism is a religion while Buddhism is more of a way of life. Catholics observes rules based on the commandments and morals that guide their way of life. However, this is not in a rigorous sense. Some opt to be non-practicing Catholics. These are ones who were baptized in the Catholic church but do not attend the Mass or receive any other sacraments.Catholics may do good in the name of God and mankind but with the fear that failing to do so will make them sin and go to hell. Also, they aim to do what the Catholic Church teach, for fear of immorality. Based from the interview of Danford Cabinatan, his inclination in the Catholic faith was instilled right after birth. He was baptize d as a Catholic and accordingly brought up as one by his parents. When he was asked how he deals with the impulses of the secular world, he exclaimed I tell everyone to stand by close to the church and life will be good to you acceptt let life pass you by This is why Cabinatan is an dynamical member of the Church and a true practicing Catholic. The impression is Cabinatan appears contented and glad being a Catholic all his life. He even remarked that he has never doubted the Catholic faith. He did not consider converting to any religion. retributory like any job, relationship, or status, ones religion can be freely chosen. What matters is what works for the person and what makes him live a healthy productive life. For Cabinatan, Catholicism is beneficial, as he appears contented and confident in the Catholic belief.

Madame Bovary

Womens Rights Come To a Halt Madame Bovary As before long as Eve was created from the rib of Adam, women amaze been struggling to progress to the same rights as men. As time has g superstar on, women brook been fitted to make great strides in the way they ar compared to men, in finical the Industrial Revolution and realism period lead to great comparison strides for women. As the Industrial Revolution, and realism began to emerge in the 19th century, women were commencement to develop their own ideas and opinions on how to be squander.In Flauberts novel, Madame Bovary, he warned women that if you pure tone later-school(prenominal) of your sex activity mappings, only bad things are bound to happen, thus operative to stop womens rights. Throughout the novel, gender roles are clearly organize for both men, and women. Men are considern as much(prenominal)(prenominal) cap able-bodied, worthy, and just boilersuit give away humans compared to women. Women have little to no say in how their lives are ran, which is clearly shown when Emmas return decides that If Charles asks for her, he said to himself, Ill give her to Charles. (16) Emmas father is the one who gets to choose his daughters fate, earlier than her. Even when wedding arrangements are beingness made Emma has no say in the matter because Emma would, on the contrary, have preferred to have a midnight wedding with torches, but old Rouault could not understand such(prenominal) an idea. (17) Women are depicted as being incapable of making animateness choices, so they need to be behind a man who is able to be their voice and make decisions for them. Women have withal been put into the station of being a dramaticswife.The role of a fair sex is to care for her home, keep up, and children. When Emma wants to step out of her gender role, she then asks Have I not my house to look after, my husband to attend to, a thousand things, in fact, more duties that must be considered first? (74 ) That then brings it to her attention that she must oblige to the way society is structured for women. When Madame Bovary decides to follow her gender role she does so by taking interest in the housework, going to church regularly, and looking after her servant with more severity. (75) Even the way to dress, and how a homemaker represented herself was determined by society as a good housewife does not difficultness about her appearance. (75) Emma fulfills her role as a charwoman by imitating the example housewife, which is to be religious, and to care about everyone other than herself. There is nothing more imperative than to please your husband, if you wish to play your role in society, in which Emma did so by making sure that when Charles came home he name his slippers put to warm near the fire.His waistcoat now neer treasured lining, not his shirt buttons, and it was write a pleasure to apprehend in the cupboard the nightcaps arranged in piles of the same height. (75) It was seen that a woman was put on this Earth to please her husband, and children and by not doing so was simply unacceptable. Children are also a big use of a womans animation, because children can only be produced by a women, and it is their duty to care, and screw them.As Emma was nerve-racking to convey the perfect woman she say she adored children this was her consolation, her joy, her passion, and she accompanied her caresses with lyrical outburst which would have reminded any one but the Yonville people of Sachette in Notre Dame de Paris (75) When Madame Bovary would fulfill her duties as a wife, the housewives would admire her economy, the patients her politeness, the poor her charity. (76) Proving that when you behave, as how you should you will be recognized as a good person.The way to behave as a woman is clearly defined, and it is stressed how important it is to do what you are told. As the role of a woman became very evident in the time of realism, it was importa nt to not stray aside from the guidelines put in place by society. Emma Bovary had little regard for how to behave, and it was evident in the way she conducted her personal animation. Madame Bovary cheated on her husband with cardinal different men, and virtually hated Charles. She also takes it upon herself to share the family finances, which would normally be a mans job.Emma throws herself into a arcanum affinity with Leon, and after only knowing him for a short add of time she was in love with Leon, and sought solitude that she might with the more ease delight in his cipher. (76) Just by give earing in love with another man, sets Emma Bovary apart from her social class. Not only does Emma fall in love with Leon, but also in the later part of their relationship she deceives Charles and makes it possible to sneak away from her home to go to be with Leon.Emma complains about losing her talent on the piano so Charles tells her If you liked, he said, A lesson from time to tim e, that wouldnt after all be very ruinous. merely lessons, she replied, are only of use when followed up. And thus it was she set about obtaining her husbands permission to go to town once a workweek to see her lover. At the end of a month she was even considered to have made considerable progress. (184) Emma has no regard for how husband may have felt about Emmas second life, and to even have a life outside of your home life is completely stepping outside of your gender role.Madame Bovary also has another affair with a man named Rodolphe. This affair was rigorously superficial as far as Rodolphe was business concerned, but to Emma it was more than that. formerly again, she is betraying her husband and falling out of her gender role. Emma loves Rodolphe and every time they see each other, she is ready to show only affection towards him. Even after when Charles had a terrible day of attempting to fix clubfoot of Hippolyte Emma still chooses to be with Rodolphe, so much so that when Rodolphe came to the garden that evening, he found his lady of pleasure waiting for him at the foot of the steps on the lowest stair.They threw their coat of arms round one another, and all their rancor melted like bamboozle beneath the warmth of that kiss. (131) As the relationship with Rodolphe progresses, Emma begins to have no concern to how she acts in public. due(p) to the adultery happening in Emmas life she begins to resent Charles even more than one thought possible. She begins to enjoy being an adulterous woman, that when she reflects upon her life She reveled in all the evil ironies of triumphant adultery.The retention of her lover came back to her with dazzling attractions, she threw her whole soul into it, borne away towards this image with fresh enthusiasm and Charles seemed to her as much removed from her life, as absorbed forever, as impossible and annihilated, as if he had been about to die and were passing(a) under her eyes. (130) All of her happiness comes from one man, and she is only content when she is shying away from Charles, and not being a proper woman. Finances were also leave up to the men, since they were the breadwinners of for their family.Emma Bovary defies the norm, when Lheureux talks her into taking power of attorney. He tells Emma that Charles would do better to give it over to some one else- to you, for example. With a power of attorney it could be easily managed, and then (you and I) would have our little business minutes together. (179) She fooled Charles into letting her have that power by quoting technical terms casually, pronouncing the guanine words of order, the future, foresight and constantly exaggerating the difficulties of settling his fathers affairs. 180) Emma takes Lheureux up on his offer, in order to be able to go behind her husbands back more efficiently, and to also try that no gender role will be set upon her. Due to Emma defying every restriction put against her as a woman, she is puni sh on every account. Madame Bovary is left with no hope by the end of the novel, which causes her to toxicant herself with arsenic. Emma, and Leon are doomed from the start. Leon is a rather shy man, and she is a rather taken woman. Even while they are together Emma pop offs discontent in the relationship.Though she was in love with Leon, and she sought solitude because it allowed her to revel in thoughts of him at leisure. His actual presence disturbed the voluptuous pleasure of her reveries. Her heart palpitated at the sound of his footsteps, but her agitation always began to subside as soon as he appeared, and she was left with nothing but deep surprise which eventually turned to sadness. (76) Rather than truly being in love with Leon she merely is in love with the idea of Leon.Madame Bovarys relationship with Leon locomote to pieces, as she becomes dissatisfied with him, and jealous over him when he was forced to neglect time with Homais rather than her. The relationship wa s a wreck to begin with, and Emmas punishment is basically an unhappy ending with the one she dared love. The same goes for her relationship with Rodolphe, it was disastrous. From the very start, Rodolphe was only attracted to Emma physically. When he first came saw Emma his immediate chemical reaction was Poor woman Shes gasping for love like a cheat gasping for water on a kitchen table.A few sweet words and shed adore me, Im sure of it Shed be affectionate, magical Yes, but how could I get rid of her later? (92) Rodolphe was never in the relationship for the long haul, even though he could clearly see that Emma was. When it was time for Emma and Rodolphe to run away together he wished to have two more weeks before to arrange some affairs then at the end of a week he wanted two more then he said he was ill next her went on a journey. (139) He would just make excuses, because he knew that he rattling did not love Emma.The relationship takes a turn on Madame Bovary and it ends u p changing her. Instead of being the free, and independent woman she tried to exhibit Rodolphe made her into something compliant and corrupt. She remained under the influence of a kind of nonsense(a) infatuation, full of admiration for him and sensuality for herself, a blissful torpor and her soul, sinking feeling into that intoxication, shriveled and drowned like the Duke of Clarence in his butt of malmsey. (134) Emma puts all of her happiness in this unaccepted relationship that ultimately leads Rodolphe to break things off with her, leaving Emma broken.Lheureux also punishes Emma, in the way that the draper fools her into becoming in so much debt that she would never be able to net it all back. The draper takes advantage of gender roles, by assuming that women are ignorant fools when it comes to finances. Throughout the whole novel, Lheureux offers Emma many gifts that she accepts. She is unmindful(predicate) that a hefty bill will come for her, that she must pay back. When the bill finally does come Emma pities herself, and she still goes to borrow even more money from the notary. No amount of pleading with Lheureux could get her off the hook.As Emma comes to agreement with the draper the conversation went as But if I bought you several thousand francs- a quarter of the sum- a third- perhaps the whole? No its no use And he pushed her gently towards the staircase. I implore you, Monsieur Lheureux, just a few days more She was sobbing. There tears now You are driving me to despair What do I care? said he, ending the door. (208) When she finally loses control of all of her money, she resorts to prostitution, and even begs Leon, and Rodolphe for the money she owes. When she cannot get the money, her life is put into despair.Suicide is her last resort, in which she poisons herself. Each time Madame Bovary decided to become more independent and to make her own decisions, it always came back to sponsor her. Both of the adulterous relationships come to ruins, and she completely obliterates all of the household money. Flauberts sent out a warning to readers, that if you behave as Emma did, trying to step outside of your gender role, then you will be punished rather than rewarded. By showing a punishment, it led women to stay conformed, and to not go out and advance womens rights.

Football Head Essay

Football is an all Ameri back blow that has led to the go acrossfall of many great athletes who go through suffered from the version in a psychological and physical manner. Football is a terrible sport that is only toured by one country, the U.S.A. Realistically, banning the sport is almost near impossible, besides there should be regulations to the sport if that volume would beget to meet in order to insure safety and internal facts about the sport. Football is non meant for children, the fakers should have a full judgement of the halt and of the danger that it can entails.If a child would like to play football game game game, the child should at least be fourteen years old, and at fourteen years old, the children must watch a film that amply describes and informs the participant of the dangers of football and the effects it can have on the ace and on the body. Football can start at a really primevalish age, children as young as v atomic number 18 compete t he sport in a league with other children where they bastinado, push, and knock down other children their age. This is very problematic and dangerous to the childs wide-term memory the brain of an average person does non full interrupt until the person is at least twenty years old. When children begin to beat each other at a young age, they atomic number 18 get-go the decaying process of their own brains. Concussions are invariably trying to be avoided during games, but the pre-concussive hits are just as cin one caserning and alarming as concussions. Football players who have never had concussions are now being diagnosed of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE).CTE is a degenerative brain disease that is fuck offd from repeated constant enquiry trauma. If children begin playing football as early as five years old, they will begin the process of CTE. Violent games are non suitable for children, at five years old, violence and aggressiveness should not be a priority of a child, and school and education should always be their top priority. If adults use up to play this sport, the NFL needs to accept and countenance that football is a violent game and that it can run long term damages to the brain and body.The NFL refutes the arguments about CTE and long term modify effects football has on the brain by stating there are fully aware of the risks. Football players report that it is their choice to play football and that they are fully aware of the risks that are in play. However, concussions are the break of serve points to a damaging mind, football players often confess to playing a game injured and from suffering a concussion while playing.For example, Richard Sherman explains in the article, Why We Chose the Profession, that due to a concussion he was left(p) blind for half of an entire football game. However, he goes on to nominate that if he had taken himself out of the game, that the legend of the boom would never have been born, this was w hen he had his first in game interception. Another player who once raved and bragged about the sport was Junior Seau. Junior Seau was one of the greatest football players in the NFL, he was a legend and he too fully understood the risks and dangers of playing in football. He once bragged in a documentary about the perfect tackle, and how he understood that due to the applaud he had for the sport, his life would be shorten and that he would have limit mobility. However, he did not once ever consider that the sport would cause him to have irrational mood swings, suffer from depression and eventually cause him to take his own life.Football players claim to be fully communicate of the sport and understand the consequences it can have on their lives, but the NFL is refuse serious training that players are finding out when it is too late. If a person chooses to play the sport, then they must fully understand the fame, the consequences, and plow with their families, families can fall apart just as easily as the players mind and body. Football is get laidn to cause CTE, but there are other long term damaging effects that players have lock in not been informed of by the NFL. Football has been detected to cause early signs of Alzheimer, Dementia, and physical disabilities. According to the article, Study No Proof that Football Causes Alzheimers or CTE was posted in the Cincinnati Bengals, the NFL had a $765 million settlement with retired football players that claimed that they were not fully informed of the risks that came into play when they ran onto the theme.Once football players comprehend of the first few cases of CTE that were diagnosed in retired football players, the players began wondering if the NFL was aware of the causes of football and the long term effects it had on the players. The NFL had also denied all theclaims of the recounting from CTE, Dementia, and Alzheimer to football. However, the NFL later revealed a study conducted by themselves t hat later revealed that football had caused early cases of Dementia, a brain disease that could have been avoided if the NFL had bother sharing the information with their teams and coaches. The NFL however eventually denied their own study as well. In time, the NFL move to share information about precautions they were taking in order to verify the players safety. In pamphlets they distributed to players, they attempted to underplay the dangers of concussions by stating that concussions cannot cause any typewrite of long-term damage.The NFL also conducted their own study, in which they concluded that if a football player endures a concussion in the middle of the game that the player could return to that same game even play in the game where he experienced the concussion. The NFL conducted their own research and discovered the damaging effects of football and the toll it has on the body, and now that players are taking put to death against the NFL, they are denying the accusations and ignoring their repercussions that have been waiting for them for much too long. Football is a sport, nothing more, and yet it can change a persons life severely.If a person chooses to play the sport, knowing the facts, the diseases, and the immobility they can endure later in life, then they should be allowed to play. Football is a dangerous sport, people can choose to play or choose to live, but that is a choice when a player decides to walk onto that field or when they decide to walk off that field. It is an American tradition that should not be banned, but it should be limited. This is a game with a administrate of fans, and yet many of them who follow the sport have no belief of the football players that are suffering because of it, which is the real shame. Play football, but know the risks.Works CitedGladwell, . Offensive Play. Gladwell.com. N.p., 19 Oct. 2009. Web. 9 Mar. 2014. Sherman, Richard. We Chose This Profession. The MMQB. N.p., 3 Oct. 2013. Web. 10 Mar. 2014.

Implementation of Lsb Steganography and Its Evaluation for Various File Formats

Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications slew 02, Issue 05, Pages 868-872 (2011) 868 Implementation of LSB Steganography and its paygrade for Various File Formats V. Lokeswara Reddy Department of CSE, K. S. R. M. College of Engg. , Kadapa, A. P. India netmail emailprotected com Dr. A. Subramanyam Dept. of CSE, AITS, Rajampet, Y. S. R. (Kadapa) Dist.. A. P. Dr. P. Chenna Reddy Dept. of CSE, JNTUCE, Pulivendula, Y. S. R. (Kadapa) Dist.. A. P. ABSTRACT-Steganography is derived from the Greek word steganos which literally agent Covered and graphy means Writing, i. e. toped writing. Steganography refers to the science of in microscopical communication. For hiding secret training in assorted file initialises, at that place exists a super variety show of steganographic techniques some atomic reduce 18 much than complex than others and all of them hasten various(prenominal) strong and swooning points.The Least Signifi stopt turn (LSB) embedding technique suggests that entropy john be secret in the least(prenominal) signifi fagt checks of the comprehend flesh and the human eye would be unable to nonice the secluded number in the cover file. This technique atomic number 50 be utilise for hiding builds in 24-Bit, 8-Bit, Gray scale order. This paper explains the LSB Embedding technique and Presents the valuation for various file formats. Keywords Steganography, Least Significant Bit (LSB), GIF, PNG, BMP. -Date of Submission 24, deluxe 2010 Date of Acceptance 08 November 2010 are transferred through unknown cover mailmans in much(prenominal) a manner that the very humankind of the implant subjects is undetectable. Carriers acknowledge realises audio, video, schoolbook or any other digitally represented enter or transmission. The hidden put across may be plaintext, cipher text or anything that can be represented as a secondment stream.II. IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY Image coalescence techniques are extensively utilise in steganogra phy. Among the two types of anatomy conglutinations, lossy compression and loss less compression lossless compression formats offer to a greater extent promises. lossy compression compression may non importanttain the authentic externalizes integrity. lossless compression maintains the overlord depiction selective learning exactly, hence it is prefered. Example of Lossy compression format is JPEG format files. Examples of Lossless compression formats are GIF3 and BMP formats.We have calld an 8-bit range of a function size for implementation of our steganography. Improvement in stegnographic techniques is practise it workable to apply the notice LSB Steganography in Colour and Gray- Scale Images which were trammel to decrepit scale images in the initial stages The difficulty in blazon images control is solved later on in many techniques such(prenominal) as the analysis of the variation of the gradient energy. The secret essence infix in the tar uprise image is dete cted in both gray and colour images, and the length of the embedded message is estimated 5, 6. -I. INTRODUCTION Digital gist is now posing formidable challenges to content developers, aggregators, distri exclusivelyors and users. The destruction, extraction or modification of the embedded message is required to develop more robust systems so that the digital content processing and organization becomes easy. Cryptography was created as a technique for securing the secrecy of communication and many different methods have been certain to encrypt and decrypt selective information in order to keep the message secret.Unfortunately it is sometimes not enough to keep the contents of a message secret, it may also be necessary to keep the existence of the message secret. The technique used to implement this, is called steganography. The shift from cryptography to stegnography is delinquent to that concealing the image existence as stegno-images enable to embeded the secret message to cover images. Steganography conceptually implies that the message to be transmitted is not visible to the informal eye. Steganography has been used for thousands of years to transmit info without being intercepted by unwanted viewers.It is an art of hiding selective information inside information. The main object of Steganography is mainly concerned with the protection of contents of the hidden information. Images are nonpareil for information hiding1,2 be stool of the gravid fall of redundant space is created in the storing of images. dark messages Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume 02, Issue 05, Pages 868-872 (2011) III. HIDING METHODS IN IMAGE STEGANOGRAPHY In Image Steganography, There are a variety of methods victimization which information can be hidden in images.Least Significant Bit Replacement technical schoolnique In image steganography almost all data hiding techniques try to alter insignificant information in the cover image. Least significant bit (LSB ) insertion is a common, simple climax to embedding information in a cover image. For instance, a simple contrivance proposed, is to place the embedding data at the least significant bit (LSB) of for each one picture element in the cover image7,8,9 . The altered image is called stego-image. Altering LSB doesnt substitute the quality of image to human perception but this avoidance is sensitive a variety of image processing attacks like compression, cropping and so onWe will be emphasizing more on this technique for the various image formats. Moderate Significant Bit Replacement Technique The have significant bits of each pixel in the cover image can be used to embed the secret message. This method improves sensitivity to modification, but it degrades the quality of stego-image. Experiments have shown that the length of hidden messages embedded in the least significant bits of signal samples can be estimated with relatively high precision. IV. THE LSB technique The least signi ficant bit i. e. the eighth bit inside an image is changed to a bit of the secret message.When using a 24bit image, one can store 3 bits in each pixel by changing a bit of each of the red, green and blue colour components, since they are each represented by a byte. An 800? 600 pixel image, can therefore store a total standard of 1,440,000 bits or 180,000 bytes of embedded data. As an example, suppose that we have three adjacent pixels (9 bytes) with the RGB encoding. 10010101 00001101 11001001 10010110 00001111 11001011 10011111 00010000 11001011 When the number 300, can be which binary representation is 100101100 embedded into the least significant bits of this part of the image.If we deal these 9 bits over the LSB of the 9 bytes above, we get the following (where bits in see-through have been changed) 10010101 00001100 11001000 10010111 00001110 11001011 10011111 00010000 11001010 Here the number 300 was embedded into the grid, only if the 5 bits needed to be changed accordi ng to the embedded message. On average, only half(a) of the bits in an image will need to be modified to blur a secret message using the maximum cover size. Since there are 869 256 possible intensities of each primary colour, changing the LSB of a pixel results in small changes in the intensity of the influence.The human eye cannot distinguish these changes thus the message is successfully hidden. With a well-chosen image, one can in time hide the message in the LSB without noticing the difference10. Fig. 1 Block plot for implemented Logic of LSB embedding V. DESIGN DETAILS This section focuses on algorithms Steganography and Steganalysis10 A. algorithmic program for concealment (Steganography) 1. 2. 3. Read the original image and the image which is to be hidden in the original image Shift the image to hide in the cover image by X bits. And the original image or cover image with 240 which is 11110000 So four MSBs crop to 0.Because of this only four LSBs considered further. The shifted hidden image and the result of pervert 3 are bitored. This makes changes only in the X LSB bits so that the image is hidden in the original image. of LSB 4. In MATLAB we convert it to unit8 format. This image can be called as the stego image B. Algorithm for Steganalysis 1. The stego image is bit shifted by 4 bits since it was shifted by 4 bits to insert it into the original image. 2. The image is the ANDED with 255 i. e. , 11111111, which gives the original image. It is ANDED with 255 because initially all the LSBs were made 0.Now it is recovered back. 3. To get it to Unit8 format we, convert it back to unit8 which is the extracted image. Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume 02, Issue 05, Pages 868-872 (2011) that a message is being passed is being achieved. C. LSB in GIF 870 Fig. 2 Block draw for Steganalysis VI. IMAGE ANALYSIS A. LSB in BMP The BMP file format also called electronic image or DIB file format (for device-independent bitmap), is an imag e file format used to store bitmap digital images. Since BMP is not widely used the doubt might arise, if it is transmitted with an LSB stego.When image are used as the carrier in Steganography they are generally manipulated by changing one or more of the bits of the byte or bytes that make up the pixels of an image. The message can be stored in the LSB of one colour of the RGB value or in the similitude bit of the entire RGB value. A BMP is capable of hiding quite a large message. LSB in BMP is most suitable for applications, where the focus is on the occur of information to be transmitted and not on the secrecy of that information. If more number of bits is altered, it may result in a big opening move that the altered bits can be seen with the human eye.But with the LSB the main objective of Steganography is to pass a message to a receiver without an intruder even knowing that a message is being passed is being achieved. B. LSB in PNG man-portable Network Graphics (PNG) is a bitmapped image format that employs lossless data compression. PNG was created to improve upon and replace GIF. Since PNG is widely used the suspicion might not arise if it is transmitted with an LSB stego. When images are used as the carrier in Steganography they are generally manipulated by changing one or more of the bits of the byte or bytes that make up the pixels of an image.The message can be stored in the LSB of one colour of the RGB value or in the parity bit of the entire RGB value . A PNG is capable of hiding quite a large message. LSB in PNG is most suitable for applications where the focus is on the mensuration of information to be transmitted and not on the secrecy of that information. If more number of bits is altered it may result in a larger possibility that the altered bits can be seen with the human eye. But with the LSB the main objective of steganography i s to pass a message to a receiver without an intruder even knowingGraphics interchange format also known as GIF is one of the machine independent level formats for storing images. Since GIF images only have a bit depth of 8, amount of information that can be hidden is less than with BMP. Embedding information in GIF images using LSB results in almost the same results as those of using LSB with BMP. LSB in GIF is a very efficient algorithm to use when embedding a reasonable amount of data in a grayscale image. GIF images are indexed images where the colours used in the image are stored in a pallette.It is sometimes referred to as a colour lookup table. Each pixel is represented as a single byte and the pixel data is an index to the colour palette. The colours of the palette are typically ordered from the most used colour to the least used colours to reduce lookup time. Some extra sustentation is to be taken if the GIF images are to be used for Steganography. This is because of the problem with the palette approach. If the LSB of a GIF image is changed using the palette approach, it m ay result in a completely different colour. This is because the index to the colour palette is changed.The change in the resulting image is noticeable if the adjacent palette entries are not similar. But the change is not noticeable if the adjacent palette entries are similar. Most applications that use LSB methods on GIF images have low security because it is possible to detect even moderate change in the image. Solutions to these problems could be 1. carve up the palette so that the colour difference betwixt consecutive colours is minimized 2. Add new colours, which are visually similar to the alive colours in the palette. 3. Use Gray scale images.In a 8 bit Gray scale GIF image, there are 256 shades of gray. This results in gradual changes in the colours and it is hard to detect. VII. EXPERIMENTED RESULTS Following experimental results highlights on 8 bit LSB Steganography. A. Results for . png image 8 bit stego image Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume 02, Is sue 05, Pages 868-872 (2011) 871 B. Results for . bmp file 8 bit stego image PSNR is measured in decibels (dB). PSNR is a good measure for comparing income tax return results for the same image, but between-image comparisons of PSNR are meaningless.MSE and PSNR value for each file format is shown in table 1. Table 1 Image quality rhythmic pattern for bmp file Cover image 224. 948 24. 6100 Stego image 244. 162 24. 2540 Cover- Stego image 69. 826 29. 690 MSE PSNR Stego Recovered IX. evaluation OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES There are many steganographic algorithms available. One should select the stovepipe available algorithm for the given application. Following characteristics are to be evaluated duration selecting a particular file format for Steganography. Steganography says that the secret message is to be hidden and it should result in an distortion less image.The distortion must not be visible to the human eye. The amount of data embedded in the image also plays an important role . The algorithm decides how much amount of data could be embedded in the image resulting in a distortion less image. Steganalysis is the technique of detecting the hidden information in the image. The algorithm for Steganography must be such that the steganalysis algorithms should fail. i. e the Steganography algorithms must not be prune to attacks on steganalysis. During communication the intruder could check the original image to remove the hidden information..He/she may manipulate the image. This utilization may include cropping or rotation etc of the images. The utilisations done may cause the image distortion. Steganographic algorithms chosen must be such that it overcomes such manipulation and the steganographic data reaches the destination in the required format. VIII. EVALUATION OF IMAGE tone of voice For comparing stego image with cover results requires a measure of image quality, normally used measures are Mean-Squared Error, invoice Signal-to-Noise Ratio3 and histogra m. A.Mean-Squared Error The mean-squared geological fault (MSE) between two images I1(m,n) and I2(m,n) is M and N are the number of rows and columns in the enter images, respectively. Mean-squared error depends strongly on the image intensity scaling. A mean-squared error of 100. 0 for an 8-bit image (with pixel values in the range 0-255) looks portentous but a MSE of 100. 0 for a 10- bit image (pixel values in 0,1023) is barely noticeable B. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) avoids this problem by scaling the MSE according to the image range Int. J.Advanced Networking and Applications Volume 02, Issue 05, Pages 868-872 (2011) Table 2 resemblance of LSB technique for various file formats LSB LSB LSB In BMP in GIF In PNG function Distortion less High Medium High resultant image Invisibility Steganalysis detection Image manipulation Amount of embedded data Payload capacity Independent of file format X. CONCLUSION Since BMP uses lossless compression, LSB makes use of BMP image. To be able to hide a secret message inside a BMP file, one would require a very large cover image. BMP images of 800? 600 pixels found to have less web applications.Moreover such uses are not accepted as valid. For this reason, LSB Steganography has also been developed for use with other image file formats. Although only some of the main image steganographic techniques were discussed in this paper, one can see that there exists a large selection of approaches to hiding information in images. All the major image file formats have different methods of hiding messages, with different strong and weak points respectively. LSB in GIF images has the potential of hiding a large message, but only when the most suitable cover image has been chosen.High number 1 kickoff High High Low Medium Low Low Medi um Medi um Low Medium Low Low Medium Medium High Authors lifetime 872 Steganography Seeing the Unseen, reckoner Journal, February 1998. 5 Li Zhi,Sui Ai Fen. , Detec tion of stochastic LSB Image Steganography The IEEE 2003 world-wide Symposium on Persona1,lndoor and Mobile Radio Communication Proceedings, 2004. 6 Jessica Fridrich, Miroslav Goljan, and Rui Du. , Detecting LSB Steganography in Color and GrayScale Images, IEEE Multimedia. 7 F. Collin,Encryptpic, http//www. winsite. com/bin/ Info? 500000033023. 8 G. Pulcini, Stegotif, http//www. geocities. om /SiliconValley/9210/gfree. html. 9 T. Sharp, Hide 2. 1, 2001,www. sharpthoughts. org. 10 Deshpande Neeta, Kamalapur Snehal, Daisy Jacobs Implementation of LSB Steganography and Its Evaluation for Various Bits Digital Information Management, 2006 1st International conference. pp 173-178,2007. V. Lokeswara Reddy did his M. Tech (CSE) from SRM University, Chennai in the year 2005. He did his M. C. A from S. V. University, Tirupati in the year 2000. He is engage his Ph. D from JNTUA, Anantapur. He has a total of 09 years of experience in teaching. Currently he is working as Associate Professor at K.S. R. M College of Engineering, Kadapa. He has presented 2 papers in International and field Conferences. Dr. A. Subramanyam received his Ph. D. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur. He has obtained his B. E. (ECE) from University of Madras and M. Tech. (CSE) from Visweswaraiah Technological University. He is having 17 years experience in teaching. He is currently working as Professor & HOD in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering of Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences, Rajampet, Y. S. R. (Kadapa) Dist. A. P.He has presented and published number of papers in International and National Conferences, International and National Journals. He is guiding few Ph. D. s. His research areas of interest are parallel processing, mesh topology security and data warehousing. Dr. P. Chenna Reddy did his B. Tech (CSE) from S. V. University College of Engineering, Tirupati in the year 1996. He did his M. Tech from JNTU , Anantapur. He completed his Ph. D from JNTU, Hyderabad. He has a total of 13 years of experience in teaching. Currently he is working as Associate Professor at JNTUA College of Engineering, Pulivendula, Y.S. R. (Kadapa) Dist. , A. P. He has number of publications to his credit. References 1 Pfitzmann Birgit. Information Hiding Terminology, First International Workshop, Cambridge, UK, Proceedings, Computer Science, 1174. pp. 347-350, MayJune. 2 Westfield Andreas and Andreas Pfitzmann, Attacks on Steganographic Systems, Third International Workshop, IH99 Dresden Germany, October Proceedings, Computer Science 1768. pp. 61- 76, 1999. 3 Moerland, T. , Steganography and Steganalysis, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computing

Organizational Focus and Goals Essay

Every giving medication has a specific set of intentions and a differing focus. The only real commonality between them is, and they all strive for success. The focus of an scheme will diverge depending on the inevitably of the organisation and goals are set to attain the focus. fundamental lawal FocusCurrently, my organic law is focused on doubling our company sizing in the next five years, growth. We are the second largest manufacturer of our harvest-tide in the United States. Our overarching goal is to be the kayoedlet 1(a) supplier. My organization understands to reach this goal, our productivity and profitability depend on making legitimate all of our employees perform up to their full potential. Goal setting is one of the primary tools used by organizations to assist in setting a direction and achieving it. (Cothran & Wysocki, 2015, para. 1). My organization has set forth many goals some dwarfish and some large to obtain. for each one goal is a milestone and a stepping stone toward our overarching goal of being number one. dressing NeedsTraining is a central focus right now in my organization. With the surface of the company expanding, so does every aspect of it. What this means is that software, tasks, functions, production, processes, and many other areas are all changing. These are just a few to edify the need for training.As the organization experiences growth, training is needed to prepare employees to tackle the growth that is change. Seasoned employees will need trained in the spic-and-span software, processes, and even new job duties. Training will keep the motorcycle of business turning and pitiable forward to reach the overarching goal, to be number one in the industry.Besides existing employees needing training, with the company expanding its size, this means a lot of new hires will be funneling into all the departments to fill the needs of the organization. These new employees will besides need training however, they w ill also need to learn the organizational norms, trends, rules, and code of conduct. The new hires will summercater a vital role in propelling us into the incoming and meeting our net (overarching) goal. foregoingitizing TrainingThe goals set forth by my organization are softwared together to allow for training prior to moving forward. As an example, we rolled out a new software syllabus to meet our needs. This program will take over the current one and move us into position to better keep up with cash in hand as we double our size. The training for the new software was rolled out two months prior to the actual software. The priority of training is relevant to what package is being rolled out. Organizational goals and current focus will significantly impact what training is needed and when it is needed.Specific Training NeedsWhat my organization is doing in regards to prioritizing training is working great. I would not change anything. Prior to something new being rolled out , ample time is given for training. Each new package released has specific training methods attached to bring season employees up to date and introduce new hires.ConclusionThe overarching goal is the ultimate goal or where the company wants to be. Training employees according to the ultimate goal will ensure that the workforce is being properly trained to achieve it. If an organization does not keep the overarching goal in mind speckle prioritizing training, there could be a lapse in training. What this means is that the employees and organizational goals will meet at a crossroads, and the employees will not be prepared. The failure in training will ultimately prevent the organization from reaching the overarching goal.ReferencesBlanchard, P.N., & Thacker, J.W. (2007). Employee training and development (3rd Ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Cothran, H.M., & Wysocki, A.F. (2015). Developing suffer Goals for Your Organization. University of F lorida IFAS Extension. Retrieved from http//edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe577 Noe, R.A. (2008). Employee training and development (4th Ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Conventions of the Gothic Horror †The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe Essay

Tick, tick, tick, the punk ticks on. The Tell-Tale softheartedness is some other spooky Gothic plague novel written in the 19th century by Edgar Allen Poe. Written tout ensemble in number 1 person, we follow the account of a young troops driven to insanity by his mad actions. The person we hear the bosh from tells us of his emotions and his feelings along the way. The young valet de chambre lives with an nonagenarianer man who has neer harmed him or never done anything wrong to him, but he decides to get the better of the older man. The old mans eyeball drives him to this terrible achievement as it looks like a predators eye and makes his railway line run cold every time it sets upon him. The young man easy but surely progresses into a state of madness and plots the murder of the old man by spying upon him sleeping at midnight every night.We move up to the night of the murder, and the young man is almost caught spying on him as the old man wakes from his sleep terr ified, the time comes and the young man leaps into the room, throws the man to the floor and pulls the bed over him. He dies. Chopping the body into pieces and carefully hiding them under the floor boards the police force call round about a scream they were informed of, the man is not afraid, but as he sits there chatting away to them calmly a ticking fills his ears and no result what he tries it gets worse and worse until he finally goes mad and confesses to the police of his crime.We define different stories by writing styles, how we divulge out what genre the handwriting fits in is by determining if the composition has the correct conventions within it. indoors the Tell-Tale Heart we are ofttimes shown conventions of the Gothic Horror genre, reversal of communal norms is one convention shown to usHe had the eye of a vultureFrom this character we can memorize the narrator describes the old man to get to the eye of a vulture. As we know full tumesce up this is not ver y possible for some one to put one over the eye of a vulture and a normal human doesnt lease an eye of a vulture. This shows us the reversal of common norms and the irregularity of the instances in this story. The eye is compared to a vultures and this creates a sense of alarm and unknown as the character is afraid of this eye eve though he is not afraid of the owner.Abandoned isolated setting is another convention in the Gothic Horror genre and is shown in the Tell-Tale HeartAmid the dreadful silence of that old houseAn throw out setting is frequently used as a setting in the Gothic Horror genre as it easy to use this setting to create an automated teller machine of danger, business organisation and concern. The Victorians are reflected in this convention as they were feeling abandoned and isolated after their beliefs and religion had been purposely ripped to shreds by science proving them wrong.another(prenominal) convention is risque emotionVery, very dreadfully nervousW e see that the narrator here is very nervous showing us his high emotions within the story and giving an atmosphere of fear. As it is told in first person we, the readers, are affected by the nervousness of the main character and in the story it creates an atmosphere of fear, nervousness and anxiousness. The Victorians were very nervous at the time of the crisis and were probably in a state of high emotion.gumption of mystery and suspense is yet another convention found within the Gothic Horror genre and the Tell-Tale Heart a very, very myopic crevice in the lantern. So I opened it you cannot imagine how stealthily, stealthilyMystery and suspense is a convention that increases the Gothic Horror genre intensely as it builds up the emotions of the characters and leaves the readers wanting to read on to find out what happens, the atmosphere created by this convention is an agonizing heightened sense of anticipation. The Victorians would have been in suspense and most of it would have been mystery as well as they were waiting for some sign of their beliefs to be confirmed as in time true.The use of darkness and gloom in the Tell-Tale Heart is shown frequently tooblack as pitch with thick darkness repulsiveness and gloom creates an atmosphere of derangement and confusion as you feel something could take shape out at you anytime. To the Victorians this would have scared them a lot as their loneliness and the darkness surrounding them could mask anything hiding and could scare them even more.It is the beating of his hideous heartThis quotation shows us the convention of magic occurrences, we get from this quote that the narrator can hear the beating of his heart even though he is dead already. The atmosphere here is of fear and terror as the thought of a dead mans heart still beating is very scary and could drive even the sanest person into madness.For my get convention it will be dangerous omensAll in unprofitable because Death, in approaching him had stalke d him with his black shadow before himFrom this quotation we can feel a sense of someone being hunt down or stalked, in this case it would be the man being track down down by death and taken from the world. Atmospherically it would create fear and paranoia, as the feeling of getting pursued by an unknown person or being would be chilling and creepy. The Victorians could be represented as the deal being stalked and science would be the stalker or hunter, as they were pursuing religion of the people and destroying it with their logical theories.The Tell-Tale Heart truly is a Gothic Horror story. With the conventions of Gothic Horror found within the story nearly every line you read, Edgar Allen Poe wrote an amazing, gripping and scary story in the 19th century, this story was called the Tell-Tale Heart.

The Personality of Luxury Fashion Brands Essay

Charles and Keith is a multinational caller that is mien effort dealing with scar from capital of Singapore. It offers twain manpowers and womens musical mode collections. Their reapings include ties, plaza, belts, wallets, sunglasses among others. The familiarity is owned by Charles Wong and his brother Keith Wong. It was founded in 1996 in a place cal conduct Amara shop Centre in Singapore.The inclination of this report is to loftylight the progress made by Charles and Keith since the day it was founded and its approaching plans. The report includes abbreviation of the company, their customers profile and the products offered. A comprehensive abridgment has been carried proscribed on customers demand using cram analysis method. It has revealed strengths such as strong mug name, uniqueness and affordability of the product, weaknesses, and opport unit of measurementies available to Charles and Keith such as online securities industry and little terrors. Further, porters five forces use up too been carried out. Other analysis carried out include STEEPLED and VIRO. It pull up stakes alike provide background info about the company.Subsequently, the report get out mention business stpacegies of Charles and Keith, its financial prep atomic even upt 18dness as well as its management considerations. At the end, the report contains out get on and recommendations made after carrying out the analysis.The future of the Charles and Keith looks bright. This is because our estimates highlights that upstart marketplace pull up stakes emerge in China whose economy has originaten with over 10% in the last five years and Russia. Expenditure on fashion in the word is also evaluate to development in the adjoining wizard year Charles and Keith is a fashionable brand that deals with womens bags, belts, horseshoes and sunglasses. It was started in1996 by devil brothers Keith Wong and Charles Wong. The fist memory jump on was opened in Amara Shopping centre in Singapore. Charles and Keith is a multinational chain that has more than one hundred and seventy outlets all over the world. The company boast of get awards like The Enterprise Award for Singapore Business Award in 2008 and Excellent Service Award in 2002.At a lovesome age, the two brothers acquired the skills of grade outning business from helping their parents in their shoe store in a place called Ang Mo Kio. Charles opened a shoe store in Amara at the age of twenty two and two years later his brother Keith joined him in 1998. Keith was in transport of designing shoes spell brother dealt with sales. To enable them deal with competition, they started purchase their stock from China instead of Singapore. They proceeded to open twelve more outlets in major suburban malls and shopping centres in Singapore. It was not until 2000, that they began opening outlets overseas. proceeds of Charles and Keith appealed to both local and international customers due to th eir low prices and uniqueness because they ca-ca an in house design. Charles and Keith became a brand for selling womens and mens collection in 2007. Their products ontogenyd to include bags, ties, wallets, sunglasses and belts for both men and women.Charles and Keith aims to append their stores from current one hundred seventy to 500 in the side by side(p) five years. In order to cater for changing taste and preferences of customers, they organize a team of seventy designers. These designers are led by Keith and they come up with new designs and trends e real month. Charles and Keith look at established themselves as the near preferred brand in fashion industry.IndustryBusiness exposition Charles and Keith is in fashion industry. In 2010, the industry was worth over $ 2, 560 trillions. In US alone, over $ 20 billion are spent on fashion every year and it generates taxation of $ 250 billion annually. Men take in is expected to exceed $ 402 billion in 2015 while women we ar is expected to exceed $ 621 billion by the same year. way of life industry continues to grow and new market continues t emerge. An example is China. The economy of China grew by more than 10% in the last five years this has led to Chinese citizen become interested in luxury goods as emblem of status. This presents a wide market for companies like Charles and Keith.Charles and Keith produce fashion accessories and footwear. It serves a retain market sector and its three brand names are Charles and Keith, Charles and Keith ghost label and Pedro Group Pte Ltd. Two of its products are not interchange by means of wholesale or distribution. Franchisees are used to sell Charles and Keith and Charles and Keith signature label as sales operators all over the world where they fox outlets.Their products are stilettos, exotic pumps, fashionable bags, sunglasses, heels and wallets. The organization of the company is democratic and they have a culture of taking the opinion of all stakeho lders on board whenever they addle decision. The future plans of Charles and Keith is to embroider networks and increase the number of outlets from the current 170 to 500 in five years time.Conclusion From the analysis above, it is dismiss that the company has a strong name. This shows the company the strength to charge very high prices because their clients put growthal value on brand name. The instruction Charles and Keith has a very positive effect on the success of the company. SWOT analysis shows that Charles and Keith reap high profits because of having cost advantage.It is observed from the analysis that Charles and Keith has strong management. This helps it unleash its potential difference and utilize it strength while at the same time eliminating weaknesses. The product of Charles and Keith are unique and as such they are easily distinguished from their competitors. This makes it possible for the company to charge high prices because their products are differenti ated.It is also observed that Charles and Keith lack a scale. This causes the company to have high cost per unit of output. This ends up having a long long-lasting impact on the company which reduces the value of the company. Lack of scale makes the company have low profit than it should. Five porters forces have revealed that the suppliers are less powerful because the company requires a large number of inputs from different suppliers.It is further discovered that their customers are very powerful they watch the future of the company. Though their products are cherished by many battalion, the customers substitution cost is very low which increases their power. Further, Charles and Keith are not threatened by new entrants into the industry because they have unique products and their customers are unwavering to them.Charles and Keith has a good business strategy that helps them penetrate the highly competitive industry. Their strategy involves marching ideal employees to the ri ght job. This gives them an opportunity to realize full potential and to be innovative. It makes them to be highly organized. Their human resources management is competent and hires people from different backgrounds, skills set, ideas and nationality. This makes them have strong job responsibility and serve their customers better.They also have a strong combination of design and affordability. This means that even in the period of recession the company leave continue qualification huge sales. It has helped the company a great deal by employing quaternary strategies in carrying out business. They signed regional distributors and gave franchises licenses. They also signed manufacturing firms. It has early days and passionate employees in the teams. Their creativity, passion and their learning spirits make the brand strong.The companies motivating factor is said to be new business goals that deal change. The company has social responsibility which encourages their staff to have et hical behaviors. The company is backed by DBS, a large bank in Singapore, which give gives the finances to expand their operations. They have an effective finance teams that give them advice on how to carry out their operations in most productive and gainful ways. The management of Charles and Keith has been seen to be democratic. They take views of everyone whenever they are making decisions. When they are ontogeny business, they identify new segments and markets and come up with good strategies to bring down while positioning and strengthening their brand.Recommendations Charles and Keith should take full advantage of online markets. They can expand and increase their business at very little expenses. This would bring a positive impact on the company in the long run. It would increase their value and give them a competitive edge over their competitors because online market is defendable easily. The company should continue to support innovation because taste and preferences of their customers throw on changing at a faster rate than the rate at which they bring new products in the market. Innovation and new product would increase their customer base and at the same time increase their business. This brings short term as well as long run positive impact into the company.With only 170 outlets in the world, Charles and Keith are lacking out on large market in the world. They should increase their operations in the international market. This will not only increase revenue but also give them a competitive advantage. This is because once they enter a certain international market before their competitors. They will govern it and build customer loyalty. They can also use revenue generated in some of their outlets overseas to drive out competitors elsewhere where competition is stiff.They should also consider transferring their factories to areas where cost of production is low. This can be in basis of cheap labor or cheap raw materials. This will increase t heir profits and be able to lower prices in order to commove competition. Since they only deal with franchises and distributors, they should form partnerships with other companies. This will create synergy which benefits them. This would also make them enjoy other benefits that they could not have achieved on their own.The company is facing stiff completion in the industry. I therefrom recommend they start acquiring their competitors especially the ones that are in wooden-headed financial crises. They can also deal with competition by confluence with other companies. Through this Charles and Keith will make huge profits because they will change from being price taker to price setter. Introduction of scales will make the company. The management of Charles and Keith has failed in addressing the issues of availability of threats. This makes the company unable to increase prices because customers will switch to their close substitutes. This is a real threat that if not intercommuni cate could bring short term and long term negative effects. This threat can be overcome through aggressive marketing strategies, differentiating products and make strong customer loyalty.Charles and Keith should have a scale that measures the cost per unit of output. This will enable them to increase the volume of production while at the same time reducing cost. Introducing scale means that the company will start realizing short term positive impacts through value addition otherwise the company will continue operating without maximizing on their resources ad making low profit. The company should increase their advertisement go and capitalize on their brand name as we have seen through the above analysis that it is their major strength. Currently the company has three brand names,, it should come up with other brands to tap on other undeveloped sectors. This will help them diversify their operations and increase revenue. They should also put their strength in getting new customers since current customers are loyal to their product.ReferencesCarrara, G. (2009). Exhibition Review 4 LinesA elan Exhibition + evocationDiverse Takes On Fashion. Fashion Theory The Journal of Dress, Body & Culture, 13(3), 379-386.Gonzlez, A. M. (2010). On fashion and fashion discourses. Critical Studies in Fashion and Beauty, 1(1), 65-85.Kim, J. E., Kim, H. S., Choi, H. S., & Lee, K. M. (2013). Fashion mart Analysis and Consumer Research for Expansion of Korean Wave Fashion into the Singapore Market. Fashion & Textile Research Journal, 15(5), 797-807.Melchior, M. R. (2010). Doing Danish Fashion On content Identity and Design put ons of a Small Danish Fashion Company. Fashion Practice The Journal of Design Creative Process & the Fashion Industr, 2(1), 13-40.Wu, J. (2009). Internationalizing and Industrializing Fashion Shanghai International Fashion Culture Festival (SIFCF) Review. Fashion Practice The Journal of Design Creative Process & the Fashion Industr, 1(2), 259-266.CHARLES & KEITH Online Store. (n.d.). CHARLES & KEITH Online Store. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http//www.charleskeith.com/SGStore/CK/homeCharles & Keith Flats cover Ballerina For Sale Philippines- 13230033. (n.d.). Charles & Keith Flats Covered Ballerina For Sale Philippines- 13230033. Retrieved February 26, 2014, from http//www.sulit.com.ph/index.php/view+classifieds/id/13230033/Charles+%26+Keith+%7C+Flats+%7C+Covered+-+BallerinaHeine, K. (2010). The Personality of Luxury Fashion Brands. Journal of globose Fashion Marketing , 1(3), 154-163.Ross, J., & Harradine, R. (2011). Fashion value brands the relationship between indistinguishability and image. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 15(3), 306-325.Surchi, M. (2011). The temporary store a new marketing tool for fashion brands. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 15(2), 257-270. consultation document

The Ethics of Accounting and Finance: Trust, Responsibility, and Control Essay

The stakeholders in this case argon Juliette, Katrina, Richard, James Hubert and Greg and all wit members of both companies. The expectations they should lease in this case ar to ensure life-threatening explanation practices where reclassification of marketable securities should be d mavin with every stakeholders knowledge failure to which it would be un estimable. The stakeholders expect that the companies with which they do business argon estimablely oriented and ensure that their efforts and decisions meet the needs and wants of suppliers, consumers and business partners character reference Jef12 l 1033 (Jeffery, 2012).The ethical responsibilitys of Positive Accounting Solutions and its CPAs to the stakeholders be indebtedness, transparency, honesty, fairness and respect. Transparency is a key component of good method of accounting in Australia. It involves building dependable relationships with stakeholders and giving them relevant information that they can go for CITATION Hof04 l 1033 (Hoffman, 2004). Responsibility in accounting is concerned with building trust among an organization, its stakeholders, customers and the general public. The ethical attribute of responsibility ensures that companies in Australia take into devotion what is in the best interest of all stakeholders both in the minuscule and long term. It is unethical to be profit driven in their ventures.several(prenominal) ethical issues exist for Juliette, Katrina, Richard and Greg, and Positive Accounting Solutions. Legal and ethical issues are important elements of the general framework and well-being of the accounting industry. They are determine and principles that govern an organization and the decisions and actions of individuals within the organization. They give a general signpost on how an organization and its employees should act in the event of a lesson dilemma CITATION Hof04 l 1033 (Hoffman, 2004). In this case there was the ethical issue if transparency whe re Global contractors failed to inform Juliet Forbs and her company of the intended reclassification. This selective reclassification may affect vulnerable audiences in the emerging markets of developing regions of Australia. such situations occur because the public does not have sufficient information rough securities assets ploys. The action by Global contractors is unethical and may racecourse to a serious breach of ethical guidelines as the perpetrators step on safeguards in the disguise of making more money. It is essential that Hubert follows the ethical guidelines of monetary coverage and not let acquiring more possession get in the way of their financial obligations. Hubert, who is more concerned with his companys financial welfare compared to that of Positive Accounting Solutions and its CPAs is more likely to cause accepted accounting violations and become a liability to the business partnership CITATION Jef12 l 1033 (Jeffery, 2012). Accounting questions the incorre ctness of financial statements through the use of features and indicators that come out the degree of openness to risk. It also considers whether the sources of risk reside in somatic areas of accounting estimates and organizational culture.This places an accountant in an ethical dilemma where one wonders whether or not to report accounting violations to the authorities. Although it is the ethical duty of the accountant to report such fraudulent activities, the ethical dilemma lies in the ramifications of the reporting. integrated officers and senior managers may face criminal prosecution that may lead to imprisonment and fines while the company may father bad packaging and laying off of workers when the government reviews financial records CITATION Hof04 l 1033 (Hoffman, 2004). It is the responsibility of accountants to serve the best interests of the company that they are providing auditing and accounting services for, investors and ordination as a whole. This can be done by providing unprejudiced and accurate financial records. Ethical guidelines require that accountants should be honest, compact, accurate and set down while recording financial data to ensure ethics are held to the highest degree. It is also the duty of an accountant to make wise, informed decisions about the forthcoming of a company. These decisions gave notable impacts on the companies as demonstrated by Enron.tender virtue plays an important role in determining what to do in this case. Auditor virtue bears the responsibility of preventing, detecting and investigating fraud through as system of internal auditing and internal control. Through this, auditors can carry through a retrospective control on financial data with an lead of detecting any frauds or omissions and securing the credibility and reliability of financial statements. In this case, auditing is used to aim the real picture that is obtained on the securities assets CITATION Jef12 l 1033 (Jeffery, 2012). Auditor s have to provide expert evidence at the eventual trial. They employ an understanding of auditing and accounting standards and procedures, financial reporting systems and business information, litigation processes and investigative and evidence gathering and investigative techniques to perform their work.The accounting rules for valuing so-called securitised assets that were designed using a package of outstanding mortgages came under attack in 2008- 2009 because their operation developed out of their internal dynamics instead of the mise en scene from which the public shared its perceptions CITATION Jef12 l 1033 (Jeffery, 2012). Thus, the so called securitized assets became socially exacting and their contributions to the market rose from their personal definitions rather than from a reciprocal meshing with the stakeholders.Accounting rules for investments in securities changed following criticisms that the accounting rules were, at least in part, responsible for the financial crisis. Current accounting techniques are run by computers and therefore do not have any inner horse sense of normality. Scripts and queries in financial statements do exactly what they have been programmed to do and as a result a fraud possible action testing court has been proposed to accommodate this limitation. This salute is a proactive or deductive approach used by accountants in fraud investigations. Accountants obtain a concise understanding of the business processes, purlieu and controls CITATION Hof04 l 1033 (Hoffman, 2004). This understanding helps them to have a proactive picture and predict the possibility of any frauds occurring. The group of forensic accountants brainstorms the possible frauds that may exist in the business environment that they are investigating and this may result in fifty electromotive force schemes. Once there has been the identification of possible schemes, the police squad of forensic accountants outlines how these schemes would show up in the available data. These indicators, much referred to as red flags, are the major indicators of the occurrence of fraud in an enterprise. Given each indicator, the team of forensic accountants looks for corporate databases through the use of queries and scripts by applying accounting principles. either anomalous transactions are set aside for yet investigations and this often perceived as a sample that is to be looked into closely. Accountants analyze the results of the inquiry in order to determine potential explanations for the anomalies which may possibly be weak controls or fraud among other reasons. Once the team has open the potential explanations to be fraud, they follow up on them and conduct further investigations by employing additional queries in order to determine the cause of the anomalies. This hypothesis testing approach has been successfully in quite a issue of case studies including university environments, alcohol sales and healthcare in Australia. Once the financial statements have been analyzed, continuous investigation is possible. Unlike the normal testing on historical data, the tests are then programmed into live corporate systems so as to provide progressive monitoring of transactions. This progressive monitoring uses information engine room which has been successfully used in several companies.Accounting rules should not be influenced by Political pressure, as was the case with the changes in accounting for investments. It is ethical to maintain the right to the truth while practicing accounting and financial reporting. Those who use financial statements have the right to accurate and truthful information when kind in investment strategies. Clients have a legal right to receive competent and professional services from accountants who have a legal obligation to perform their responsibilities within the constraints of their skills CITATION Hof04 l 1033 (Hoffman, 2004). It is often argued that most accountants inadequacy et hical ability to recognize and solve ethical dilemmas. This has necessitated the need to let in ethics education as a major component of the accounting profession. The development of professional ethics and values should be initiated early in the accounting profession and be emphasized throughout the career. Teamwork and leadinghip are two important components that must be in alignment so as to provide effective high quality and efficient accounting services. A strategic human resource management model provides steerage to accounting teams and leaders to deliver high-quality services in a timely manner. Accounting operates within a performance measurement that tolerates no errors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art investigation requires scientific leadership working with major stakeholders as a team to provide the best accounting services to a fraud investigation CITATION Hof04 l 1033 (Hoffman, 2004). The new techniques of accounting are significant steps in the right direction and t hey require leaders with skills and business tools to apply concepts such as efficiency, cost benefit analysis, economies of denture and cost-effectiveness analysis that will measure continuous improvement on a regular basis. Effective leadership is needed to develop, design and implement a solution that would resolve the core competency of an organization. Strategic leadership in fraud investigations provides quality and timely accounting services to a company. such leadership brings together a fragmented system consisting of thousands of accountants working within a fragmented system of organizations. Effective teamwork and leadership in accounting shows the way through the development of new innovative fraud investigations for the future day CITATION Jef12 l 1033 (Jeffery, 2012).ReferencesBIBLIOGRAPHY Hoffman, W. M. (2004). The Ethics of Accounting and Finance Trust, Responsibility, and Control. untested York Greenwood issue Group.Jeffery, C. (2012). Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting. New York Emerald Group Publishing.Source document